Abstract:Inappropriate client sexual behaviors, including verbal remarks and inappropriate physical contact, are a common but challenging aspect of clinical practice. Trainees may not know how to address client sexual behaviors effectively, and supervisees often limit or avoid disclosing inappropriate client behaviors in supervision, reducing the likelihood of obtaining helpful guidance. The present article details supervisor practices that can facilitate trainee disclosure of inappropriate client sexual behaviors, ass… Show more
“…Deciding how to respond to sexual harassment can be difficult for trainees. Female trainees experiencing sexual harassment not only have to respond at the moment to these behaviors with limited training but also negotiate other hard decisions afterward, such as whether to report these incidents to their supervisors or others in their institution (Thompson, 2020). Other decisions that need to be made include seeking support and/or navigating organizational policies.…”
Section: Abstract: Gender Training Supervision Sexual Harassment Disc...mentioning
Experiences of sexual harassment in clinical environments have long been a concern of female mental health trainees and training programs. To better understand and facilitate organizational change related to these problems, a workgroup within a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center was created to address this issue. Workgroup members reviewed the mental health and broader health care literature to inform recommendations for addressing sexual harassment in mental health care settings. To formally collect information from female mental health trainees, the workgroup held four facilitated listening sessions (FLS) to understand their specific concerns. The main themes that emerged from these FLS included experiences of inappropriate behaviors, safety concerns, the negative impact of gender discrimination, lack of support, lack of empowerment, not knowing the best way to address or cope with experiences, the importance of supportive supervision, needing more system-wide interventions, and needing more and better training to manage sexual harassment. Recommendations to improve mental health settings were developed based on this feedback and the literature, including proposals for the training of trainees and staff to prevent and address sexual harassment and gender discrimination, system-wide interventions in mental health services, improving the institutional environment, and supporting the professional development of female staff and trainees.
“…Deciding how to respond to sexual harassment can be difficult for trainees. Female trainees experiencing sexual harassment not only have to respond at the moment to these behaviors with limited training but also negotiate other hard decisions afterward, such as whether to report these incidents to their supervisors or others in their institution (Thompson, 2020). Other decisions that need to be made include seeking support and/or navigating organizational policies.…”
Section: Abstract: Gender Training Supervision Sexual Harassment Disc...mentioning
Experiences of sexual harassment in clinical environments have long been a concern of female mental health trainees and training programs. To better understand and facilitate organizational change related to these problems, a workgroup within a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center was created to address this issue. Workgroup members reviewed the mental health and broader health care literature to inform recommendations for addressing sexual harassment in mental health care settings. To formally collect information from female mental health trainees, the workgroup held four facilitated listening sessions (FLS) to understand their specific concerns. The main themes that emerged from these FLS included experiences of inappropriate behaviors, safety concerns, the negative impact of gender discrimination, lack of support, lack of empowerment, not knowing the best way to address or cope with experiences, the importance of supportive supervision, needing more system-wide interventions, and needing more and better training to manage sexual harassment. Recommendations to improve mental health settings were developed based on this feedback and the literature, including proposals for the training of trainees and staff to prevent and address sexual harassment and gender discrimination, system-wide interventions in mental health services, improving the institutional environment, and supporting the professional development of female staff and trainees.
“…Faculty can encourage students’ sex-positive research interests and mentor them in best practices. Clinical supervisors can move beyond covering sexuality only as it pertains to navigating sexual attraction or sexually harassing behavior in the supervisory relationship or with clients (Ladany et al, 2005; Thompson, 2020) and model inviting and attending to sex and sexuality as it relates to clients’ well-being. Finally, given that educators in health service psychology often report little sexuality education in their own training (Mollen, Burnes, et al, 2018), which may inhibit their ability to facilitate trainees’ education, faculty and trainers can pursue continuing education via professional organizations including American Association for Sexuality Educators, Clinicians, and Trainers (AASECT) or the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS).…”
Section: Sex Education In the United Statesmentioning
Sexual health and sexual well-being are vital components of overall physical and mental well-being, yet remain largely understudied, approached mainly from disease prevention and intervention perspectives, and generally excluded from most health service psychology training programs. People of color; women; lesbian, gay, and bisexual people; trans and gender diverse; disabled; and poor people are disproportionately adversely impacted by a lack of access to suitable sexual health services and reproductive healthcare. Sex education is inadequate in the United States across the lifespan, including in health service psychology training programs. Therapy clients often have sexual concerns they want to discuss, yet because sexuality is seldom covered adequately in training programs, psychologists are often ill-prepared and uncomfortable addressing sex. Drawing from the Benchmarks Competencies (Fouad et al., 2009;Hatcher et al., 2013), we provide a rationale for and application of several key foundational and functional competencies to explicate a template for addressing sexuality in training psychologists and positioning sexuality as a competency that should be centralized in graduate psychology training. We offer both a roadmap for a graduate course in sexuality and several ideas for infusing sexuality across the curriculum for programs that may be unable to dedicate a course to the study of sexuality.
Public Significance StatementSexuality, related to relationship and life satisfaction, is not typically a required component of health service psychologists' training. We position sexuality as a proposed competency, providing justification and curricular guidance for doctoral training programs.
“…Across the articles in this special issue, there are some commonalities that suggest areas for growth. For example, despite the increasing emphasis on multicultural considerations in psychotherapy (Gatmon et al, 2001; Phillips, Parent, Dozier, & Jackson, 2017; Soheilian, Inman, Klinger, Isenberg, & Kulp, 2014), many of the personal narratives in this special issue reflect upon microaggressions, discrimination, and otherwise marginalizing comments during supervision that negatively impacted supervisees (Hagler, 2020; Thompson, 2020; Valmas, Himrich, & Finn, 2020; Williams & Raney, 2020) and their work with clients (Williams Kapten, 2020). Consistent with those narratives, recent research has found that supervisees from underrepresented groups are much more likely to experience their supervisor as insufficiently valuing diversity and in need of improvement in multicultural competencies (Gregus, Stevens, Seivert, Tucker, & Callahan, 2019).…”
Section: Fit Of Special Issue Articles With the Extant Empirical Lite...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this issue, Constrastano (2020) captures the complexity and confusing nuances associated with professional boundary crossing by a supervisor and highlights the consequent impact on the supervisory alliance. Further, across the personal narratives in this special issue, multiple supervisors are recalled as having a negative impact on female supervisees’ professional development, and their ability to respond to inappropriate client sexual behaviors (Thompson, 2020) or other boundary violations in psychotherapy (Valmas et al, 2020).…”
Section: Fit Of Special Issue Articles With the Extant Empirical Lite...mentioning
In this introduction to the special issue on Supervisee Perspectives of Supervision Processes, we overview salient extant research findings and provide a theoretical grounding to provide a supportive context for the collection of articles in this curated issue. The enclosed articles provide first person narrative examples of several extant research findings: clinical expertise unfolds developmentally; multiculturalism impacts supervision; the supervisory relationship is highly important; supervision can benefit supervisees; and supervision may impact client psychotherapy outcomes. While encouragement is broadly offered for pluralistic methodological contributions to the underresearched area of supervision, care in avoiding known limitations from the extant research literature (inattention to disciplinespecific effects; poor vigilance in thwarting Type II errors) are also discussed in this introduction to the special issue.
Public Significance StatementThis article provides a conceptual framework and research grounding for the Journal of Psychotherapy Integration's special issue on Supervisee Perspectives of Supervision Processes. Two key research findings informed the call for submissions to this special issue: (1) multicultural variables impact the experience of supervision, and (2) supervisee perceptions of the alliance with their supervisor impact supervision outcomes. Drawing from the lived experiences of the student authors themselves, the articles across the special issue provide multiple examples of each of these findings. Use of these personal narratives to inform supervisory practices is encouraged.
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