Respiratory viruses crossing the species barrier and emergence of new human coronavirus infectious disease

Kalvatchev, Nikolay; Sirakov, Ivo

doi:10.1080/13102818.2020.1843539

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Evidence has shown that coronaviruses infecting humans are of animal origin [1]; thus, understanding their zoonotic nature is a key factor in combating them [2]. Humanswith their social, cultural and economic activities-play a major role in cross-species virus transmission [3]. Although researchers have associated SARS-CoV-2 with bats [4], some suggest it has originated from unknown zoonotic events [5]; the mechanism and all species implicated in its circulation in nature remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats

Sirakov

Popova-Ilinkina²,

Ivanova

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and found diagnostic laboratories unprepared worldwide. To meet the need for timely and accurate virus detection, laboratories used rapid Ag tests and PCR kits based on costly multi-channel real-time techniques. This study aimed to develop a conventional nested PCR based on the SARS-CoV-2 N gene, validate it against some approved assays, and apply it to samples from six cats with respiratory symptoms obtained in early 2020 during the first COVID-19 wave in humans in Bulgaria. The nested PCR technique showed 100% sensitivity and specificity; it could detect extracted SARS-CoV-2 RNA at concentrations as low as 0.015 ng/μL. The results identified the six tested cat samples as positive. Sequence analysis performed in two of them confirmed this. The presented technique is reliable, easy to implement and inexpensive, and can be successful in strategies for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, cats and other susceptible species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats

Sirakov

Popova-Ilinkina²,

Ivanova

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses known for their tremendous mutation potential and capability to cross the species barrier [3]. They belong to the order Nidovirales, suborder Coronavirineae and the family Coronaviridae.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19

Гудима

Кофиади

Shilovskiy

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community has focused on prophylactic vaccine development. In parallel, the experience of the pharmacotherapy of this disease has increased. Due to the declining protective capacity of vaccines against new strains, as well as increased knowledge about the structure and biology of the pathogen, control of the disease has shifted to the focus of antiviral drug development over the past year. Clinical data on safety and efficacy of antivirals acting at various stages of the virus life cycle has been published. In this review, we summarize mechanisms and clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy of COVID-19 with drugs based on plasma of convalescents, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and protease inhibitors. The current status of the drugs described is also summarized in relation to the official clinical guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, here we describe innovative drugs whose antiviral effect is provided by antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Analysis of laboratory and clinical data suggests that current antivirals successfully combat broad spectra of emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 providing reliable defense against COVID-19.

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“…The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised questions about the origin of the virus [ 1 ], its natural hosts [ 2 ] and its potential to act as a reservoir [ 3 ]. The animal species known to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 include cats, ferrets [ 2 ] and minks [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human ELISA Detects anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Virus Spread in Domestic and Stray Cats in Bulgaria

Sirakov

Rusenova

Rusenov

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to verify whether the human DR-ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be applied in cats, and to assess the risk factors that determine the spread of the virus among the cat population in Bulgaria. The study included 92 serum samples collected from 68 domestic and 24 stray cats aged from 3 months to 20 years of age in the period of January–June 2021. The samples originated from three regions in Bulgaria and from three places of inhabitance. DR-ELISA based on peroxidase-labeled SARS-CoV-2 N protein was employed to detect IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies in the samples. Subsequently, the results were compared with a commercially available multi-species ELISA kit. There was high seroprevalence (83.33%) in stray cats and 41.18% in domestic cats, confirmed by the human and veterinary ELISA kit. The positive cases in the regional cities were 42.86%, in small towns 50% and in villages 78.26%. Cats under 7 years had a five times higher risk than those over 7 years (p = 0.001). The risk was seven times higher for stray cats than for domestic cats (p = 0.001). In addition, the results indicate that the risk was the highest for cats in villages (p = 0.006) compared to cats in other places of inhabitance. This study demonstrates that human DR-ELISA may be successfully applied to monitor the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in cats and other susceptible species. Cats might serve as sentinel animals for tracking the virus in nature and in inhabited areas (strays) and to discover asymptomatic cases in humans/owners.

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Respiratory viruses crossing the species barrier and emergence of new human coronavirus infectious disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats

Development of Nested PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Its Application for Diagnosis of Active Infection in Cats

Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19

Human ELISA Detects anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Virus Spread in Domestic and Stray Cats in Bulgaria

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