Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?

Chu, Ki‐Back; Quan, Fu‐Shi

doi:10.3390/v15020392

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Cost-effectiveness analyses are crucial for regional and global healthcare policy-makers, as potential decisions regarding the implementation of any novel diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive measure are based upon a thorough cost–utility assessment. Currently, a number of studies are being conducted in order to improve anti-RSV prophylaxis methods (focusing on both monoclonal antibodies and vaccines) as well as antiviral treatment [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The cost-effectiveness analyses initially focused on the costs from a payer’s perspective; however, except for the clinical outcome measures, which include mainly mortality and the frequency of complications, which are major cost-drivers, the awareness of the significance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) is growing [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of RSV Hospitalization on Children’s Quality of Life

Wrotek,

Jackowska

2023

Diseases

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Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent etiological factors of lower respiratory tract infections in children, potentially affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). We aimed to asses QoL in children under 2 years of age hospitalized due to laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Methods: A QoL was assessed by parents/tutors with the use of the 100-point visual analog scale and compared against a disease-free period. We evaluated the median utility, QoL loss (reported in days), and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) loss in relation to RSV hospitalization. Results: We included 132 patients aged from 17 days to 24 months (median 3.8 months). The mean utility during the hospitalization varied between 0.418 and 0.952, with a median of 0.679 (95%CI: 0.6–0.757) and median loss of 0.321 [0.243–0.4], which further translated into a loss of 2.2 days (95%CI: 1.6–3.1). The QALY loss varied between 0.526 × 10−3 and 24.658 × 10−3, with a median of 6.03 × 10−3 (95%CI: 4.38–8.48 × 10−3). Based upon the final diagnoses, the highest QALY loss was 6.99 × 10−3 (95%CI: 5.29–13.7 × 10−3) for pneumonia, followed by bronchiolitis—5.96 × 10−3 (4.25–8.41 × 10−3) and bronchitis—4.92 × 10−3 (2.93–6.03 × 10−3); significant differences were observed only between bronchitis and pneumonia (p = 0.0171); the QALY loss was not age-dependent. Although an increasing tendency in the utility score was observed, a strong cumulative effect related to the length of stay was noted until day 13. Conclusions: RSV contributes significantly to the utility deterioration and QALY loss in the case of RSV hospitalization, and the patient-reported data should be used in pharmacoeconomic assessments of the impact of RSV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of RSV Hospitalization on Children’s Quality of Life

Wrotek,

Jackowska

2023

Diseases

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“…3). VLPs are one promising option [94], as they provide durable immunogenicity [88], proven efficacy with multiple licenced vacines [95][96][97][98][99][100], and mRNA versions are attractive due to ease of manufacture, in-vivo expression, and technological advances like dose-sparing self-amplifying RNA [101,102]. Multimeric nanoparticles are another important alternative under investigation for COVID-19 and influenza [103][104][105][106] and could be adapted for HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery medicine – the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine

Martin,

Robinson,

Huang

2023

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the discovery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated vaccine strategies to induce them. This abundance of approaches necessitates a system that accurately and expeditiously identifies the most promising regimens. We herein briefly review the background science of bnAbs, provide a description of the first round of phase 1 discovery medicine studies, and suggest an approach to integrate these into a comprehensive HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine. Recent findings With recent preclinical success including induction of early stage bnAbs in mouse knockin models and rhesus macaques, successful priming of VRC01-class bnAbs with eOD-GT8 in a recent study in humans, and proof-of-concept that intravenous infusion of VRC01 prevents sexual transmission of virus in humans, the stage is set for a broad and comprehensive bnAb vaccine program. Leveraging significant advances in protein nanoparticle science, mRNA technology, adjuvant development, and B-cell and antibody analyses, the HVTN has reconfigured its HIV-1 vaccine strategy by developing the Discovery Medicine Program to test promising vaccine candidates targeting six key epitopes. Summary The HVTN Discovery Medicine program is testing multiple HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine candidates.

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“…The significance of the MOD device also extends to the realm of vaccine administration, particularly for vaccines targeting respiratory viruses like influenza or SARS-CoV-2 [44][45][46]. The potential to deliver vaccines effectively to the posterior two-thirds of the nose and nasopharynx, regions rich in ACE2 receptors, could enhance mucosal immunization and contribute to more effective protection against these pathogens [47,48].…”

Section: Clinical Significance and Implications Of The Modified Nasal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study

Seifelnasr,

Si,

2024

Pharmaceutics

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The standard multi-dose nasal spray pump features an integrated actuator and nozzle, which inevitably causes a retraction of the nozzle tip during application. The retraction stroke is around 5.5 mm and drastically reduces the nozzle’s insertion depth, which further affects the initial nasal spray deposition and subsequent translocation, potentially increasing drug wastes and dosimetry variability. To address this issue, we designed a new spray pump that separated the nozzle from the actuator and connected them with a flexible tube, thereby eliminating nozzle retraction during application. The objective of this study is to test the new device’s performance in comparison to the conventional nasal pump in terms of spray generation, plume development, and dosimetry distribution. For both devices, the spray droplet size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle analyzer. Plume development was recorded with a high-definition camera. Nasal dosimetry was characterized in two transparent nasal cavity casts (normal and decongested) under two breathing conditions (breath-holding and constant inhalation). The nasal formulation was a 0.25% w/v methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a fluorescent dye. For each test case, the temporospatial spray translocation in the nasal cavity was recorded, and the final delivered doses were quantified in five nasal regions. The results indicate minor differences in droplet size distribution between the two devices. The nasal plume from the new device presents a narrower plume angle. The head orientation, the depth at which the nozzle is inserted into the nostril, and the administration angle play crucial roles in determining the initial deposition of nasal sprays as well as the subsequent translocation of the liquid film/droplets. Quantitative measurements of deposition distributions in the nasal models were augmented with visualization recordings to evaluate the delivery enhancements introduced by the new device. With an extension tube, the modified device produced a lower spray output and delivered lower doses in the front, middle, and back turbinate than the conventional nasal pump. However, sprays from the new device were observed to penetrate deeper into the nasal passages, predominantly through the middle-upper meatus. This resulted in consistently enhanced dosing in the middle-upper turbinate regions while at the cost of higher drug loss to the pharynx.

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Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?

Cited by 7 publications

References 156 publications

The Impact of RSV Hospitalization on Children’s Quality of Life

The Impact of RSV Hospitalization on Children’s Quality of Life

Discovery medicine – the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine

Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study

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