Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample

Taylor, Stephen; López, Pío; Weckx, Lily Yin; Borja-Tabora, Charissa; Ulloa‐Gutiérrez, Rolando; Lazcano‐Ponce, Eduardo; Kerdpanich, Angkool; Weber, Miguel Angel Rodriguez; Santos, Abiel Mascareñas de los; Tinoco, Juan Carlos; Sáfadi, Marco Aurélio Palazzi; Lim, Fong Seng; Mezerville, Marcela Hernández-de; Faingezicht, Idis; Cruz-Valdéz, Aurelio; Yang, Feng; Li, Ping; Durviaux, Serge; Haars, Gerco; Roy-Ghanta, Sumita; Vaughn, David W.; Nolan, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2016.09.003

Cited by 100 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is one of the largest retrospective studies of pediatric outpatients with ARI in rural Haiti. The overall findings of RV as the most common virus detected followed by Influenza in Haiti is comparable to that found in studies of children in other tropical, resource-poor countries (Hoffman et al, 2012;Schlaudecker et al, 2012;Taylor et al, 2017). However, HMPV in children with ARI was detected less often (3%) in this study compared to similar studies (11-14%) (Al-Sonboli et al, 2006;Banerjee et al, 2007;Taylor et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Acute Respiratory Illness in Rural Haiti

Kim¹,

Lew²,

Keith³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the most common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Haiti. Our objective was to detect pathogens found in children with ARI in rural Haiti to help develop evidence-based guidelines for treatment and prevention. Methods: Retrospective study of students with ARI at four schools in rural Haiti. Viral and/or bacterial pathogens were identified by qPCR in 177 nasal swabs collected from April 2013 through November 2015.Results: Most common viruses detected were Rhinovirus (36%), Influenza A (16%) and Adenovirus (7%), and bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (58%) and Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Compared to older children, children aged 3-5 years had more Influenza A (28% vs. 9%, p = 0.002) and Adenovirus detected (14% vs. 3%, p = 0.01). Similarly, S. pneumoniae was greatest in children 3-5 years old (71% 3-5yrs; 58% 6-15 years; 25% 16-20 years; p = 0.008). Children 3-10 years old presented with fever more than children 11-20 years old (22% vs 7%; p = 0.02) and were more often diagnosed with pneumonia (28% vs 4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Younger children had increased fever, pneumonia, and detection of Influenza A and S. pneumoniae. These data support the need for influenza and pneumococcus vaccination in early childhood in Haiti.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Acute Respiratory Illness in Rural Haiti

Kim¹,

Lew²,

Keith³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Prevalent antiviral therapies to treat influenza A virus-infected patients such as adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors target viral proteins but there is increasing number of reports about circulating influenza A subtypes that are resistant to these treatments (Hussain et al, 2017). HMPV causes infections in the upper and lower respiratory tract expressing very similar symptoms as influenza infections and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality (Taylor et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019). The most susceptible groups are young children, older adults and people that are immunocompromised (Kahn, 2006;Van den Hoogen et al, 2001;Leung et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another common cause of ILI are pneumo-and paramyxoviruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses. Clinical presentation of these viruses resembles many of the symptoms of influenza, where they cause significant morbidity and mortality as well as a large economic burden (Taylor et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019). HMPV is ubiquitous, with nearly everyone infected by the age of 5 and reinfection is common throughout life, impacting children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals (Kahn, 2006;Van den Hoogen et al, 2001;Leung et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPINT2 inhibits proteases involved in activation of both influenza viruses and metapneumoviruses

et al. 2020

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A B S T R A C TViruses possessing class I fusion proteins require proteolytic activation by host cell proteases to mediate fusion with the host cell membrane. The mammalian SPINT2 gene encodes a protease inhibitor that targets trypsin-like serine proteases. Here we show the protease inhibitor, SPINT2, restricts cleavage-activation efficiently for a range of influenza viruses and for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). SPINT2 treatment resulted in the cleavage and fusion inhibition of full-length influenza A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) HA, A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) HA, A/Shanghai/2/ 2013 (H7N9) HA and HMPV F when activated by trypsin, recombinant matriptase or KLK5. We also demonstrate that SPINT2 was able to reduce viral growth of influenza A/CA/04/09 H1N1 and A/X31 H3N2 in cell culture by inhibiting matriptase or TMPRSS2. Moreover, inhibition efficacy did not differ whether SPINT2 was added at the time of infection or 24 h post-infection. Our data suggest that the SPINT2 inhibitor has a strong potential to serve as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral.

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“…Viruses are frequently the cause of ARTIs characterized by high risks of morbidity and mortality (Taylor et al, 2017). The viruses most frequently detected are: influenza viruses A and B (IAV, IBV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human adenovirus (HADV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in a 3-year hospital-based survey in Northern Italy

Conversano

Medici

Ferraglia

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The viral etiology of ARTIs was investigated over 3 years (October 2012-September 2015 in 2575 children in Parma, Italy, using indirect immunofluorescent staining of respiratory samples for viral antigens, cell culture, and molecular assays. Respiratory viruses were detected in 1299 cases (50.44%); 1037 (79.83%) were single infections and 262 (20.17%) mixed infections. The highest infection incidence was in children aged N6 months to ≤3 years (57.36%). Human respiratory syncytial virus (27.12%) and human adenovirus (23.58%) were the most common viruses identified. The virus detection rate decreased significantly between the first and third epidemic season (53.9% vs. 43.05%, P b 0.0001). The simultaneous use of different diagnostic tools allowed us to identify a putative viral etiology in half the children examined and to provide an estimate of the epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viruses associated with ARTIs.

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Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample

Abstract: Active surveillance of healthy children provided evidence of respiratory illness burden associated with several viruses, with a substantial burden in older children.

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

Acute Respiratory Illness in Rural Haiti

Acute Respiratory Illness in Rural Haiti

SPINT2 inhibits proteases involved in activation of both influenza viruses and metapneumoviruses

Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in a 3-year hospital-based survey in Northern Italy

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