Respiratory virus detection during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia

El-Heneidy, Asmaa; Ware, Robert S.; Robson, Jennifer; Cherian, Sarah; Lambert, Stephen B.; Grimwood, Keith

doi:10.1111/1753-6405.13168

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This caused a disease burden of pre-school children that possibly surpassed the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this age group during the COVID-19 pandemic. The out of season increase of RSV detection is in line with studies from a number of countries covering five continents ( 9 – 14 ). Several studies also reported rates of infection by RSV that surpassed historical infection rates after public health measures had been reduced ( 15 – 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Viral infections in hospitalized children in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with non-pharmaceutical interventions

Terliesner

Unterwalder²,

Edelmann³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed at prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission also influenced transmission of viruses other than SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the burden of common viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children admitted to Berlin University Children's Hospital (BCH) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at different levels of public NPI measures.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the frequency of detection of common human respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses from January 2016 through January 2022 in all patients admitted to BCH. We compared virus detection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at different levels of public NPI measures.ResultsThe frequency of detection of seasonal enveloped and non-enveloped viruses [Boca-, Corona-, Influenza-, Metapneumo-, Parainfluenza-, Rota-, and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV)] was diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas detection rates of non-seasonal viruses (Rhino-/Entero-, and Adenoviruses) were stable during the pandemic. After withdrawal of major NPI measures, we observed an out of season surge of the detection rates of Boca-, Corona-, Parainfluenzaviruses, and RSV. In contrast, no increased detection frequency was observed for Influenza-, Metapneumo-, and Rotaviruses as of January 2022.ConclusionCorona-, Boca-, Parainfluenzaviruses, and RSV returned as frequently detected pathogens after withdrawal of major NPI measures. The out of season rise might be attributed to an “immune-debt” due to missing contact to viral antigens resulting in waning of population immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Viral infections in hospitalized children in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with non-pharmaceutical interventions

Terliesner

Unterwalder²,

Edelmann³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…The study concluded that the PHSMs substantially decreased the seasonal influenza cases and activity [ 30 ]. The PHSM-implemented period was associated with a sharp and sustained decline in influenza-detection rates, from a zero detection rate out of 163,296 tests during weeks 23–40 of 2020 to 26.1% case-detection rate in the same period in 2015–2019 [ 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An 85% reduction in hospitalizations due to the parainfluenza (PIV) virus cases in children in 2020 was recorded in Hong Kong after the implementation of COVID-19 interventions as compared to previous years [ 32 ]. In 2020, during the PHSMs implementation period, a study reported that there were no cases of parainfluenza detected in the 70,618 tests performed compared with the 4.2% (1495/35,754) average detection rate in the 2015–2019 seasons [ 31 ]. In addition, children were likely more affected with the monthly incidence among children aged 0–4 years (120 per 100,000 children) being six times higher than the monthly incidence (21 per 100,000 children) during the previous 10 years [ 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Respiratory Virus Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020–2021

Achangwa

Park

Ryu

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Many countries have implemented public health and social measures (PHSMs) to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the PHSMs are targeted at SARS-CoV-2 transmission control, they directly or indirectly impact the epidemiology of different respiratory viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the collateral impact of PHSMs used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on changes in the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and detection rates of the respiratory viruses during COVID-19 pandemic, lasting from 2020–2021, published between December 2019 and March 2022 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We identified an overall decrease of 23–94% in the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and a decrease of 0–98% in the detection of the viruses. Our study suggests that the PHSMs implemented during COVID-19 pandemic reduced the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and transmission of respiratory viruses. At the time of this study, and as governments relax PHSMs, public health authorities should prepare for a probable increase in the burden of respiratory viral diseases.

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“…Second, the incidence of exacerbations is substantially lower than that predicted, a phenomenon found worldwide coincident with the public health measures enacted to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. 54 Third, the reluctance of parents/patients to attend clinics during the pandemic prevented effective recruitment in some centres. Fourth, there are also financial consequences as no additional funds were made available by the funding body and research team members continued to be paid throughout this pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia using erdosteine and/or azithromycin therapy (REPEAT trial): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2×2 partial factorial, randomised controlled trial

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, progressive, inherited ciliopathic disorder, which is incurable and frequently complicated by the development of bronchiectasis. There are few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving children and adults with PCD and thus evidence of efficacy for interventions are usually extrapolated from people with cystic fibrosis. Our planned RCT seeks to address some of these unmet needs by employing a currently prescribed (but unapproved for long-term use in PCD) macrolide antibiotic (azithromycin) and a novel mucolytic agent (erdosteine). The primary aim of our RCT is to determine whether regular oral azithromycin and erdosteine over a 12-month period reduces acute respiratory exacerbations among children and adults with PCD. Our primary hypothesis is that: people with PCD who regularly use oral azithromycin and/or erdosteine will have fewer exacerbations than those receiving the corresponding placebo medications. Our secondary aims are to determine the effect of the trial medications on PCD-specific quality-of-life (QoL) and other clinical outcomes (lung function, time-to-next exacerbation, hospitalisations) and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and antimicrobial resistance.Methods and analysisWe are currently undertaking a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy RCT to evaluate whether 12 months of azithromycin and/or erdosteine is beneficial for children and adults with PCD. We plan to recruit 104 children and adults with PCD to a parallel, 2×2 partial factorial superiority RCT at five sites across Australia. Our primary endpoint is the rate of exacerbations over 12 months. Our main secondary outcomes are QoL, lung function and nasopharyngeal carriage by respiratory bacterial pathogens and their associated azithromycin resistance.Ethics and disseminationOur RCT is conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and the Australian legislation and National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for ethical conduct of Research, including that for First Nations Australians.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000564156.

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Respiratory virus detection during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Viral infections in hospitalized children in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with non-pharmaceutical interventions

Viral infections in hospitalized children in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: Association with non-pharmaceutical interventions

Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Respiratory Virus Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020–2021

Reducing exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia using erdosteine and/or azithromycin therapy (REPEAT trial): study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, 2×2 partial factorial, randomised controlled trial

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