Respiratory tract-associated lymphoid tissue in conventionally raised sheep

Chen, W.; Alley, M.R.; Manktelow, B.W.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(89)90042-x

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…M-cells have been characterized by functional studies demonstrating uptake of carbon particles (Chen et al, 1991). After aerosol exposure to colloidal carbon, particles were seen in the cytoplasm of cells of the ovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium, but not adjacent nonreticular, ciliated respiratory epithelium (Chen et al, 1989). In the present study Mv1 cells were capable of uptake of latex beads.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…In ruminants, it represents a major portion of the RTALT (Chen et al, 1989). As such, one would expect it to contain cell types and structural features similar to mucosal associated lymphoid tissue in other organs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complex of lymphoid elements, located at the junction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, is well positioned to sample antigens entering through either the oral cavity or nasal cavity (Kraehenbuhl and Neutra, 2000;Nave et al, 2001;Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006). Indeed in ruminants, tonsils represent an important component of the respiratory tract associated lymphoid tissue (RTALT) (Chen et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1991) and share morphological and functional characteristics of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), such as Peyer's patches; one being antigen processing (Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006). Unlike lymph nodes, tonsils do not possess afferent lymphatic vessels (Saar and Getty, 1975); the significance of which is that foreign antigens interact directly with tonsils without prior processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In bovine tuberculosis (Cassidy et al, 1999), and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; Wells et al, 2005) tonsils may serve as a port of entry for pathogens. Ruminants have less extensive RTALT than other species and the pharyngeal tonsil has been described as the major component of RTALT in cattle and sheep (Anderson et al, 1986;Chen et al, 1989;Schuh and Oliphant, 1992;Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006). Descriptions of microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features of the ovine and bovine pharyngeal tonsil have added to our understanding of this important tissue (Casteleyn et al, 2010;Breugelmans et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7-month-old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B-cells, CD4þ, and CD11cþ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, c/d TCRþ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M-cells. Moreover, putative M-cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M-cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 294:1939Rec, 294: -1950Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Palmer

Stasko

Waters

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…The typical organization of MALT with distinct lymphoid compartments, lymphoid follicles with germinal centers and LE has been described for the pharyngeal, palatine and tubal tonsils only [22]. In addition, dense aggregates of lymphoid tissue occur in all of the above sites and scattered lymphoid cells are universally present [22].…”

Section: Composition Of the Waldeyer's Ringmentioning

confidence: 98%

MALT structure and function in farm animals

2006

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-Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is defined as an organized lymphoid tissue in the mucosa that samples antigens. The morphological characteristics that distinguish MALT from lymphoid infiltrates are discussed. MALT has been extensively investigated in laboratory animals, while knowledge in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses that are summarized under the term farm animals in this review is fragmentary. Literature data about the distribution, morphology, function and involvement in infectious diseases of MALT in farm animals are described. The understanding of specific features of MALT in other species than laboratory animals is important for comparative research, in order to understand pathological and immunological processes in the respective species and as a potential route of vaccination of mucosal surfaces.

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Ultramicroscopic Examination of the Ovine Tonsillar Epithelia

Casteleyn

Cornelissen

Simoens

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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As solid morphological knowledge of ovine tonsillar epithelia might contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of several diseases including prion diseases, the epithelia of all tonsils of 7 one-yearold Texel sheep were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Major parts of the pharyngeal and tubal tonsils were covered by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelia that were interrupted by patches of epithelium containing cells with densely packed microfolds or microvilli, and cells with both microvilli and cilia. Smaller parts were covered by either flattened polygonal cells with densely packed microvilli or microfolds, squamous epithelial cells, or patches of reticular epithelium. The palatine and paraepiglottic tonsils were mainly lined by squamous epithelial cells with apical microplicae or short knobs. Additionally, regions of reticular epithelium containing epithelial cells with apical microvilli were seen. The lingual tonsil was uniformly covered by a keratinized squamous epithelium and devoid of microvillous cells and patches of reticular epithelium. The rostral half of the tonsil of the soft palate was lined by a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with characteristics of the pharyngeal and tubal tonsils. The epithelium of the caudal part resembled the epithelia of the palatine and paraepiglottic tonsils. Putative M cells, mainly characterized by apical microvilli or microfolds and a close association with lymphoid cells, seem manifestly present on the nasopharyngeal tonsils. The reticular epithelium of the palatine and paraepiglottic tonsils also harbor cells with small apical microvilli. The exact nature of these presumptive M cells should, however, be elucidated in functional studies. Anat Rec,

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Respiratory tract-associated lymphoid tissue in conventionally raised sheep

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil

MALT structure and function in farm animals

Ultramicroscopic Examination of the Ovine Tonsillar Epithelia

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