Respiratory System

Abstract

The rapid acceleration of research activities dealing with the interaction of ventilatory, circulatory, and metabolic components in the homeostasis of the body has made even an arbitrary categorization increasingly difficult. It may therefore be justified to limit this article to recent facts and theories within a few fields of investigation which either have aroused the specific interest of the reviewer or have been marked by special progress, and to appraise the present status of these fields.Last year's review by Heemstra (98) covered much of the neurophysiol ogy of respiration, and therefore, in this review, a greater emphasis on the chemical control of respiration may be rationalized On the grounds that this topic has of late attracted increasing interest. A comprehensive monograph by Winterstein (218) should be consulted in this connection. The problems of gas exchange in the lungs are marked by a sharpened dissociation in their treatment by physicists and clinical research workers. Special mention should therefore be made of a new publication from the Rochester group (164), which aims at presenting accumtilated knowledge and new data on the complexities of gas exchange in the body in a fashion serving to bring closer the extremes. Their use of the OrC02 diagram for this purpose may safely be predicted to become a classic achievement before long. An introduc tion into the study of respiratory function is given by Cara (31), while clinical aspects of the respiratory system and various functional tests are reviewed by Christie & Bates (38). Rossier, Biihlmann & Wiesinger have written a comprehensive book on the physiology and pathophysiology of respiration (173), while interest was concentrated on the changes involved in pulmonary emphysema in a review by Ebert (66). Dripps & Severinghaus (62) and Whittenberger (213) have presented long-desired reviews on the influence of anesthesia on the respiratory system and of artificial respiration, respectively.Experimental progress in the pulmonary gas exchange area goes pari passu with our knowledge of the pulmonary circulation, and the latter has therefore been given special consideration in the present review. Many interesting papers dealing with this subject and respiratory functions may be found in a recent symposium (163).

Sistem Pernapasan Ikan

“…Diverticula Pada ikan yang hidup di daerah tropis misalnya gabus (Channa striata) biasanya terdapat struktur tambahan yang disebut dengan diverticula. Diverticula terletak pada daerah pharynx [13].…”

Software engineering's role in visualizing large data as medical datasets

“…Children and the elderly bear the brunt of this responsibility. While respiratory viruses do impose a greater burden on people in developing countries, they also cause various issues in wealthier ones [6]. In this paper we will focus on viruses that infect the respiratory tract and the role of software engineering and data visualization in analysis the data.…”