Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infects Neuronal Cells and Processes That Innervate the Lung by a Process Involving RSV G Protein

Li, Xia-qing; Fu, Zhen F.; Alvarez, Rene; Henderson, Christine; Tripp, Ralph A.

doi:10.1128/jvi.80.1.537-540.2006

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, a previous study has demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CX3CR1 gene is associated with an increased risk for severe RSV bronchiolitis in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis (1). The G protein central conserved region containing the CX3C chemokine motif has been shown to have an important role in the modification of host immune responses during RSV infection, a feature that likely contributes to disease persistence and pathogenesis (25)(26)(27)(28)38,60,62). For example, a previous study from our group has shown that expression of the RSV G protein or the G protein CX3C motif during infection is associated with reduced CX3CR1 + T-cell trafficking to the lung, reduced frequencies of RSV-specific MHC class I-restricted IFN-cexpressing cells, and lower numbers of IL-4-and CX3CL1-expressing cells (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to the Central Conserved Region of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Block RSV G Protein CX3C-CX3CR1 Binding and Cross-Neutralize RSV A and B Strains

Choi¹,

Mason²,

Jones³

et al. 2012

Viral Immunology

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide, and despite decades of effort, there remains no safe and effective vaccine. RSV modifies the host immune response during infection by CX3C chemokine mimicry adversely affecting pulmonary leukocyte chemotaxis and CX3CR1+ RSV-specific T-cell responses. In this study we investigated whether immunization of mice with RSV G protein polypeptides from strain A2 could induce antibodies that block G protein-CX3CR1 interactions of both RSV A and B strains. The results show that mice immunized with RSV A2 G polypeptides generate antibodies that block binding of RSV A2 and B1 native G proteins to CX3CR1, and that these antibodies effectively cross-neutralize both A and B strains of RSV. These findings suggest that vaccines that induce RSV G protein-CX3CR1 blocking antibodies may provide a disease intervention strategy in the efforts to develop safe and efficacious RSV vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to the Central Conserved Region of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Block RSV G Protein CX3C-CX3CR1 Binding and Cross-Neutralize RSV A and B Strains

Choi¹,

Mason²,

Jones³

et al. 2012

Viral Immunology

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“…Li et al found that RSV could infect sensory neurons in lungs by a process associated with RSV G protein, implicating a mechanism and intervention strategy of chronic airway diseases after acute RSV bronchiolitis (26). During persistent RSV infection, the airway showed signs of chronic inflammation, and the level of substance P-and CGRP-positive fibers increased (27), suggesting a link between chronic inflammation and fibers in lungs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary C Fibers Modulate MMP-12 Production via PAR2 and Are Involved in the Long-Term Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Zang

Zhuang

Deng

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection often develop sequelae of persistent airway inflammation and wheezing. Pulmonary C fibers (PCFs) are involved in the generation of airway inflammation and resistance; however, their role in persistent airway diseases after RSV is unexplored. Here, we elucidated the pathogenesis of PCF activation in RSV-induced persistent airway disorders. PCF-degenerated and intact mice were used in the current study. Airway inflammation and airway resistance were evaluated. MMP408 and FSLLRY-NH2 were the selective antagonists for MMP-12 and PAR2, respectively, to investigate the roles of MMP-12 and PAR2 in PCFs mediating airway diseases. As a result, PCF degeneration significantly reduced the following responses to RSV infection: augmenting of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, and infiltrating of inflammatory cells in lung tissues; specific airway resistance (sRaw) response to methacholine; and upregulation of MMP-12 and PAR2 expression. Moreover, the inhibition of MMP-12 reduced the total number of cells and macrophages in bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well infiltrating inflammatory cells, and decreased the sRaw response to methacholine. In addition, PAR2 was upregulated especially at the later stage of RSV infection. Downregulation of PAR2 ameliorated airway inflammation and resistance following RSV infection and suppressed the level of MMP-12. In all, the results suggest that PCF involvement in long-term airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness occurred at least partially via modulating MMP-12, and the activation of PAR2 might be related to PCF-modulated MMP-12 production. Our initial findings indicated that the inhibition of PCF activity would be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders. IMPORTANCEThe current study is critical to understanding that PCFs are involved in long-term airway inflammation and airway resistance after RSV infection through mediating MMP-12 production via PAR2, indicating that the inhibition of PCF activity can be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders. R espiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children throughout the world. Among the 1% to 3% of infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, up to 90% of children have experience 2 or more wheezing episodes, and almost 50% will be given a diagnosis of asthma by the age of 6 years (1, 2). Several studies, including epidemiology studies and animal model studies, have shown that RSV persistence in the lung of the host after RSV infection was related to long-term airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation (3-5). However, the mechanisms of these sequelae are poorly understood.We have reported that enhanced NGF (nerve growth factor) was partially involved in long-term airway inflammation and AHR after RSV infection (6), suggesting that neurogenic factors participate in long-term airway diseases. Eleva...

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“…Intraganglionic DC in the JNC may also play a key role in the protection of neurons against viral and bacterial infection [34,35,36,37]. With respect to immune cells in ganglions, T cells and macrophages have been found in HSV-1-infected trigeminal ganglia [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroid Treatment Reduces Allergic Airway Inflammation and Does Not Alter the Increased Numbers of Dendritic Cells and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Expressing Neurons in Airway Sensory Ganglia

Funck²,

Wronski³

et al. 2015

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: Our previous data demonstrated that allergic airway inflammation induces migration of dendritic cells (DC) into airway sensory jugular and nodose ganglia (jugular-nodose ganglion complex; JNC). Here we investigated the effects of steroid treatment regarding the expression and migration of DC and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive neurons of vagal sensory ganglia during allergic airway inflammation. Methods: A house dust mite (HDM) model for allergic airway inflammation was used. The mice received 0.3 mg fluticasone propionate per kilogram of body weight in the last 9 days. JNC slices were analyzed on MHC II, the neuronal marker PGP9.5, and the neuropeptide CGRP. Results: Allergic airway inflammation increased the numbers of DC and CGRP-expressing neurons in the JNCsignificantly in comparison to the controls (DC/neurons: HDM 44.58 ± 1.6% vs. saline 33.29 ± 1.6%, p < 0.05; CGRP-positive neurons/total neurons: HDM 30.65 ± 1.9% vs. saline 19.49 ± 2.3%, p < 0.05). Steroid treatmentdid not have any effect on the numbers of DC and CGRP-expressing neurons in the JNC compared to HDM-treated mice. Conclusions: The present findings indicate an important role of DC and CGRP-containing neurons in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. However, steroid treatment did not have an effect on the population of DC and neurons displaying CGRP in the JNC, whereas steroid treatment was found to suppress allergic airway inflammation.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infects Neuronal Cells and Processes That Innervate the Lung by a Process Involving RSV G Protein

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Antibodies to the Central Conserved Region of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Block RSV G Protein CX3C-CX3CR1 Binding and Cross-Neutralize RSV A and B Strains

Antibodies to the Central Conserved Region of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Block RSV G Protein CX3C-CX3CR1 Binding and Cross-Neutralize RSV A and B Strains

Pulmonary C Fibers Modulate MMP-12 Production via PAR2 and Are Involved in the Long-Term Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Steroid Treatment Reduces Allergic Airway Inflammation and Does Not Alter the Increased Numbers of Dendritic Cells and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Expressing Neurons in Airway Sensory Ganglia

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