Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Pathogenesis Peculiarities, Prevention and Treatment Strategies

Abstract

Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация ВВЕДЕНИЕ Респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (РСВ) занимает существенное место в структуре инфекционной патоло-гии дыхательного тракта, в особенности у детей первых лет жизни. 70% детей переносят РСВ-инфекцию (РСВИ) в возрасте до 1 года, и практически каждый инфици-руется в течение первых двух лет жизни. К двум годам приблизительно 50% детей переносят РСВИ дважды. В развитых индустриальных странах у детей в возрасте до 3 лет, госпитализированных с острыми респиратор-ными инфекциями (ОРИ) с поражением нижних отделов дыхательного тракта, частота обнаружения РСВИ дости- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a most important cause of viral acute respiratory tract illness especially in infants and young children. In industrialized countries RSV infections account for 42-63% of hospital admissions with lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 3 years of age. Risk factors for increased mortality and morbidity during RSV infection were prematurity, young age below 12 months as well old age, blood and cardiopulmonary diseases, immunocompromised conditions. In children hospitalized with RSV infections mortality is estimated to be approximately 1%, although it is increased up to 37% in patients with burdened anamnesis. Among respiratory viruses, RSV is the most common cause of airway obstruction, particularly in children below 1 year of age. RSVassociated infection in infancy is associated with distant harmful consequences: increased risk for developing bronchial obstruction during following respiratory diseases, systemic allergic sensitization and asthma in later life. Despite its importance, there is no safe vaccine as well as no effective medicines to protect against RSV infection. This brief report describes the mechanisms contributing to immunopathology of RSV infection and present status of treatment and prevention of this disease.

COVID-19, Influenza, and Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections: Etiology, Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Part 2. Other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections

“…At the same time, clinical trials have not found sufficient evidence of ribavirin efficacy in the treatment of HRSV infection in children less than 1 year of age. In addition, ribavirin is a toxic medication and, hence, indications for its inhalation include severe laboratory-confirmed HRSV infection in young children and patients with congenital heart disease [ 31 ].…”

New Inhibitors of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Replication Based on Monoterpene-Substituted Arylcoumarins

“…Having a high level of clinical manifestation severity (severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, which may lead to death) in babies and young children, RSV infection is a significant medical and social problem nowadays [ 1 ]. Risk groups for RSV infection are also people over 65 years of age and patients with weakened immunity [ 2 ].…”

Protein and Peptide Substances in the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Infection: Current State

“…In children under five years of age, RSV causes more than 30 million cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection per year; 3.2 million of them are severe and require hospitalization [ 8 ]. Among children hospitalized with RSV infection, mortality averages 1%, but reaches 37% with a burdened history [ 9 ]. In children under three years of age, RSV is the cause of 50–90% of bronchiolitis, 5–40% of pneumonia, and 10–30% of tracheobronchitis.…”