Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces a subset of types I and III interferons in human dendritic cells

Abstract

Whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces severe infantile pulmonary disease may depend on viral strain and expression of types I and III interferons (IFNs). These IFNs impact disease severity by inducing expression of many anti-viral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). To investigate the impact of RSV strain on IFN and ISG expression, we stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) with either RSV A2 or Line 19 and measured expression of types I and III IFNs and ISGs. At 24h, A2 elicited higher ISG expression than Line 19. Both strains induced MDDCs to express genes for IFN-β, IFN-α1, IFN-α8, and IFN-λ1–3, but only A2 induced IFN-α2, -α14 and -α21. We then show that IFN-α8 and IFN-α14 most potently induced MDDCs and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) to express ISGs. Our findings demonstrate that RSV strain may impact patterns of types I and III IFN expression and the magnitude of the ISG response by DCs and BECs.

Differential Responses by Human Respiratory Epithelial Cell Lines to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reflect Distinct Patterns of Infection Control

“…IRF7 is considered the master regulator of IFN-dependent immune responses and is critical for rapid upregulation of RIG-I in response to RSV (43), an effect that was unique to the BEAS-2B cells. RSV-infected dendritic cells (DC) also express type I and III IFNs, including a subset of IFN-␣ subtypes that potently induce antiviral ISG expression by DC and BEAS-2B cells (44).…”

Oxidative stress modulates the expression of toll‑like receptor 3 during respiratory syncytial virus infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells

“…Furthermore, RSV treatment is also reported to induce a type I IFN response in both human cord blood-derived mast cell (CBMCs) and peripheral blood derived mast cells (78,79). Therefore, the results on the type I IFN production in responding to RSV infection are controversial and it seems that many different factors can determine the type I IFN production under the infection of RSV, such as different cell types and different viral strains (71,72,(74)(75)(76)(77)80). On these basis, we tentatively thought that the response of IFN-α and IFN-β to the infection of RSV long strain in A549 cells, which was related to the experiments in this study, might have various possible results.…”

CD38 modulates respiratory syncytial virus‐driven proinflammatory processes in human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells

“…There is also evidence that DCs, along with epithelial cells, produce IFN lambda (i.e. type III IFN) in response to RSV . The induction of types I and III IFNs, of IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) and of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are hallmarks of anti‐RSV immunity .…”

“…type III IFN) in response to RSV. 12 The induction of types I and III IFNs, of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are hallmarks of anti-RSV immunity. 13,14 It has been shown that type I IFN production in response to RSV infection not only induces an anti-viral state, but also operates to amplify proinflammatory responses in the respiratory tract.…”