Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis among refugees and asylum seekers from war‐torn countries

Lavie, Moran; Maymon, Dror; Diamant, Nir; Cahal, Michal; Be’er, Moria; Besor, Omri; Lahat, Sharon; Amirav, Israel

doi:10.1002/ppul.25562

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Cough, shortness of breath, and dyspnea are symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis in children [ 3 ], with severe cases displaying acute cardiac insufficiency and acute respiratory failure [ 4 ]. According to Wang Qi et al, multiple cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of capillary bronchitis in children, and the disease has similar pathogenesis to asthma [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in T-Cell Subsets and Serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE Levels in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Capillary Bronchitis and Their Clinical Significance

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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Objective. To investigate the changes in T-cell subsets and serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis and their clinical significance. Methods. The clinical data of 50 children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis admitted to our hospital between July 2020 and June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and they were included in the observation group, while 50 children with a healthy physical examination during the same period were chosen as the control group. The T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8) and serum IL-4, IL-8, IFN-, IL-17, and IgE levels of children in the two groups were compared, and the clinical significance of the changes in the levels of the indices mentioned above was analyzed. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in T-cell subset levels (CD4 and CD8) between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ); the level of CD4/CD8, IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, and IgE in the observation group were substantially higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ), while the serum IFN-γ levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Increased CD4/CD8 levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis cause an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 immune response, similar to changes in bronchial asthma, suggesting a link between the two diseases. Increased serum levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, and IgE and decreased serum levels of IFN-γ have been seen in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis, suggesting the severity of the children’s disease may in part be reflected in the levels of the aforementioned serum indicators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in T-Cell Subsets and Serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE Levels in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Capillary Bronchitis and Their Clinical Significance

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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“…On the contrary, all reports collected the specimens from cases whose symptoms were consistent with an underlying respiratory tract infection, ranging from all incident cases of ARIs [ 47 ] to all cases of ILIs and/or pneumonia [ 45 ], all cases of pneumonia [ 5 , 7 ], and all cases of ILIs or SARIs [ 48 , 77 ]. In fact, ILIs represent an improper proxy for RSV infections, the clinical feature of which more properly fit SARI and LRTI definitions, which include bronchiolitis and pneumonia [ 4 , 48 ]. Therefore, studies encompassing a larger share of ILIs such as the reports from Turner et al [ 45 ], Ahmed et al [ 48 ], and Mohamed et al [ 77 ] may in turn provide an underestimation of the actual RSV prevalence, with an oversampling of other respiratory pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refugees are usually considered at particularly high risk for infectious diseases for a series of reasons, including the difficult living conditions with overcrowding, poor water and sanitation conditions; the limited access to timely diagnosis; and the missed opportunities for prevention vaccination and treatment [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Because of the aforementioned conditions, epidemics among refugees are also associated with higher morbidity and case fatality ratios, stressing both the precarious conditions of the displacement and the challenges in accessing care [ 2 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a substantial decrease in global rates for RSV-associated hospitalization (−79.7% in high income countries, −13.8% in upper-middle-income countries), post-pandemic seasons were associated with a sustained rebound of incidence estimates, with increased healthcare-associated costs [ 37 , 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, a series of recent reports hint toward the relatively high occurrence of RSV infections among individuals hosted in urban shelters for homeless people [ 20 , 41 , 42 ], a population sharing several features with refugees and displaced people [ 4 , 15 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RSV Infection in Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Riccò,

Corrado,

Bottazzoli

et al. 2024

Epidemiologia

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Respiratory diseases, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, are common reasons for seeking healthcare among refugees and asylum seekers. A systematic review with meta-analysis was designed to appraise all the available evidence on RSV infections among individuals in refugee camps. Three medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) as well as the preprint repository medRxiv.org were searched for eligible observational studies, and the collected cases were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. Funnel plots and a regression analysis were calculated for analyzing reporting bias. Eventually, six studies were retrieved from three areas (Bangladesh, Thailand, and Kenya), with pooled estimates of 129.704 cases per 1000 samples (95% CI 66.393 to 237.986) for RSV compared to 110.287 per 1000 people for influenza A (95% CI 73.186 to 162.889), 136.398 cases per 1000 people (95% CI 84.510 to 212.741) for human adenovirus (HAdV), 69.553 per 1000 people (95% CI 49.802 to 96.343) for parainfluenzavirus (PIFV), and 60.338 per 1000 people (95% CI 31.933 to 111.109) for human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Using influenza A as a reference group, the risk for a positive specimen was greater for RSV (relative risk [RR] 1.514, 95% CI 1.396 to 1.641) and HAdV (RR 1.984, 95% CI 1.834 to 2.146) and lower for influenza B (RR 0.276, 95% CI: 0.239 to 0.319), PIFV (RR: 0.889, 95% CI 0.806 to 0.981), and hMPV (RR 0.594, 95% CI 0.534 to 0.662). In summary, high rates of RSV infections were documented among individuals sheltered in refugee camps, stressing the importance of specifically designed preventive strategies.

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Addressing global health disparities in the management of RSV infection in infants and children: Strategies for preventing bronchiolitis and post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing

Ferrante,

Piacentini,

Piazza

et al. 2024

allergy asthma proc

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Background: The topic of equitable access to health care and its impact on exacerbating worldwide inequities in child health not only strikes at the heart of our health-care delivery systems but also deeply resonates with our collective social consciences. Nowhere is this better seen on a global scale than in the burden of illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which extracts the most severe morbidity and mortality in infants and children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This report addresses global health disparities that exist in the management of RSV infection in infants and children, and offers strategies for preventing bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing in LMICs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted across the PubMed data bases of RSV infection and the socioeconomic impact of bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing in LMICs. Results: The results of the present study address the many issues that deal with the question if prevention of RSV bronchiolitis can mitigate recurrent wheezing episodes and links RSV risks, downstream effects, prevention, malnutrition, and socioeconomic restraints of developing countries with a call for possible global action. Conclusion: The present study stresses the importance of considering the linkage between malnutrition and disease susceptibility because of the known relationships between undernutrition and greater vulnerability to infectious diseases, including RSV infection. These complex interactions between infectious disease and undernutrition also raise issues on the longer-term sequelae of postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing. This prompts a discussion on whether industrialized countries should prioritize the provision of newly developed monoclonal antibodies and RSV vaccines to LMICs or whether vital nutritional needs should be a first focus. The resolution of these issues will require research and greater international discourse.

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Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis among refugees and asylum seekers from war‐torn countries

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Changes in T-Cell Subsets and Serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE Levels in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Capillary Bronchitis and Their Clinical Significance

Changes in T-Cell Subsets and Serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE Levels in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Capillary Bronchitis and Their Clinical Significance

RSV Infection in Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Addressing global health disparities in the management of RSV infection in infants and children: Strategies for preventing bronchiolitis and post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing

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