Respiratory-syncytial-virus- and rhinovirus-related bronchiolitis in children aged &lt;2 years in an English district general hospital

Paul, Siba Prosad; Mukherjee, Atanu; McAllister, Tamsin; Harvey, Matthew James; Clayton, Benjamin Amyas; Turner, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.04.023

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of infants and young children. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus are the two most common pathogens in acute bronchiolitis 12 , and infection with either virus increases the risk for allergic diseases. Previous research reported that azithromycin can reduce wheezing episodes during RSV-mediated bronchiolitis due to its anti-inflammatory effect 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antibiotic use for acute bronchiolitis on new-onset asthma in children

Chen

Huang

Chang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Early-life use of antibiotics is associated with asthma. We examined the effect of antibiotic use for early-life bronchiolitis on the development of new-onset asthma in children from Taiwan between 2005 and 2010. Data were from the National Health Insurance Research Database 2010, and diseases were coded using the International Classification of Disease (ICD). We classified the patients, all of whom had bronchiolitis, as having asthma or not having asthma. Asthma was diagnosed using ICD criteria and by use of an inhaled bronchodilator and/or corticosteroid twice in one year. We identified age at asthma onset, sex, residential area, history of atopy and NSAID use, age at first use of antibiotics, and the specific antibiotic, and adjusted for these factors using conditional logistic regression analysis. Among all individuals, there was a relationship between risk of new-onset asthma with use of a high dose of an antibiotic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67–4.15). Among the different antibiotics, macrolides (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.99–4.16), and azithromycin specifically (aOR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.62–7.36), had the greatest effect of development of asthma.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antibiotic use for acute bronchiolitis on new-onset asthma in children

Chen

Huang

Chang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only one study has reported a longer LOS in RV bronchiolitis compared to RSV bronchiolitis: Paul and colleagues enrolled a cohort of 319 hospitalized children for acute bronchiolitis, focusing on single RV or single RSV infections (65 cases for the former, 162 cases for the latter). Analyzing the mean LOS as clinical outcome emerged a greater LOS in the RV group compared with the RSV group ( p = 0.032) [ 32 ]. More studies have observed instead a correlation between RV infection and a lower LOS when this virus is compared to other viral pathogens, especially RSV [ 17 , 19 , 26 , 36 ].…”

Section: Rhinovirus Infection and Bronchiolitis Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus Infection in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis and Its Impact on Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma Development

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute bronchiolitis represents the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Together with a respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus (RV) is one of the most common pathogens associated with bronchiolitis, and its genetic diversity (>150 types) makes the recurrence of RV infections each year quite typical. The frequency of RV infection and co-infection with other viruses and its impact on the clinical course of bronchiolitis have been studied by several authors with controversial results. Some studies demonstrate that multiple virus infections result in more severe clinical presentation and a higher risk of complications, whereas other studies suggest no influence on clinical course. Moreover, RV bronchiolitis has been reported to potentially contribute to the development of long-term sequelae, such as recurrent wheezing and asthma, in the pediatric population. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings of the role of RV infection in children with acute bronchiolitis, its impact on subsequent asthma development, and the implication in clinical practice.

show abstract

“…Seven studies (30%) revealed that a positive RV test result significantly decreased the odds of receiving antibiotics, ranging from an OR of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07-0.92) to an OR of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54-0.79; Fig 1). 29,[35][36][37][38]40,41 Increased odds of receiving antibiotics was found in 2 studies (9%), ranging from an OR of 3.33 (95% CI: 1.07-10.34) to an OR of 6.82 (95% CI: 1.68-27.66). 43,46 No impact on antibiotic prescription rates was reported in 11 studies (48%).…”

Section: Antibiotic Prescribingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Utility of Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Children: A Meta-analysis

Noël¹,

Fontela

Winters³

et al. 2019

Hospital Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CONTEXT: Respiratory virus (RV) detection tests are commonly used in hospitalized children to diagnose viral acute respiratory infection (ARI), but their clinical utility is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of RV test results on antibiotic consumption, ancillary testing, hospital length of stay, and antiviral use in children hospitalized with severe ARI. DATA SOURCES: Seven medical literature databases from 1985 through January 2018 were analyzed. STUDY SELECTION: Studies in children ,18 years old hospitalized for severe ARI in which the clinical impact of a positive versus negative RV test result or RV testing versus no testing are compared. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts; extracted data; and assessed study quality. RESULTS: We included 23 studies. High heterogeneity did not permit an overall meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses by age, RV test type, and viral target showed no difference in the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics between those with positive versus negative test results. Stratification by study design revealed that RV testing decreased antibiotic use in prospective cohort studies (odds ratio 5 0.58; 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.75). Pooled results revealed no conclusive impact on chest radiograph use (odds ratio 5 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.48-1.04). Results of most studies found that positive RV test results did not impact median hospital length of stay, but they may decrease antibiotic duration. Nineteen (83%) studies were at serious risk of bias. LIMITATIONS: Low-quality studies and high clinical and statistical heterogeneity were among the limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Higher-quality prospective studies are needed to determine the impact of RV testing on antibiotic use in children hospitalized with severe ARI.

show abstract

Respiratory-syncytial-virus- and rhinovirus-related bronchiolitis in children aged <2 years in an English district general hospital

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of antibiotic use for acute bronchiolitis on new-onset asthma in children

Effect of antibiotic use for acute bronchiolitis on new-onset asthma in children

Rhinovirus Infection in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis and Its Impact on Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma Development

The Clinical Utility of Respiratory Viral Testing in Hospitalized Children: A Meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About