Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus

Hall, Caroline Breese

doi:10.1056/nejm200106213442507

Cited by 1,058 publications

(984 citation statements)

References 86 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

903

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, at our program, transbronchial biopsy at the time of viral infection was performed in 22 patients and 18 (82%) had evidence of acute allograft rejection (13). Perhaps the activation of the immunological mechanism leading to allograft rejection is related to biologically active cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a elaborated by respiratory epithelial cells and different leukocyte populations when exposed to paramyxovirus (16). More importantly, pathology follow-up surveillance data during 18 months after the parainfluenza virus infection revealed that 32% of the lung transplant recipients developed active bronchiolitis obliterans (OB) (13).…”

Section: Allograft Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients: An Emergent Clinical Syndrome with Implications on Allograft Function

Vilchez

Dauber

McCurry

et al. 2003

American Journal of Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parainfluenza virus is a common cause of seasonal upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Studies indicate that parainfluenza virus may play an important role in the etiology of respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients with an estimated incidence of 5.3 per 100 patients. Parainfluenza virus type 3 is the most frequent serotype in lung transplant patients. The rate of lower respiratory tract infections with parainfluenza virus among lung transplant recipients is between 10 and 66% of cases. In addition, trans-bronchial biopsy at the time of parainfluenza infection shows signs of acute allograft rejection. Subsequently, 32% of patients have been found to have active bronchiolitis obliterans at a median time of 6 months (range 1-14) postviral infection. These findings indicate that parainfluenza virus infections may have long-term implications for lung transplant recipients. Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms of immunomodulation of parainfluenza virus among these patients. In addition, controlled studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of aerosolized ribavarin in the treatment of parainfluenza virus infection and to determine whether vaccines may be effective in these high-risk patients.

show abstract

Section: Allograft Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients: An Emergent Clinical Syndrome with Implications on Allograft Function

Vilchez

Dauber

McCurry

et al. 2003

American Journal of Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in children, particularly those at high risk of acute lower respiratory tract infections 2, 3. RSV is also common in adults, especially the elderly and other high‐risk groups such as those who are immunocompromised 4, 5, 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review

French¹,

McKenzie

Coope³

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant public health burden, and outbreaks among vulnerable patients in hospital settings are of particular concern. We reviewed published and unpublished literature from hospital settings to assess: (i) nosocomial RSV transmission risk (attack rate) during outbreaks, (ii) effectiveness of infection control measures. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, together with key websites, journals and grey literature, to end of 2012. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool or Newcastle–Ottawa scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Forty studies were included (19 addressing research question one, 21 addressing question two). RSV transmission risk varied by hospital setting; 6–56% (median: 28·5%) in neonatal/paediatric settings (n = 14), 6–12% (median: 7%) in adult haematology and transplant units (n = 3), and 30–32% in other adult settings (n = 2). For question two, most studies (n = 13) employed multi‐component interventions (e.g. cohort nursing, personal protective equipment (PPE), isolation), and these were largely reported to be effective in reducing nosocomial transmission. Four studies examined staff PPE; eye protection appeared more effective than gowns and masks. One study reported on RSV prophylaxis for patients (RSV‐Ig/palivizumab); there was no statistical evidence of effectiveness although the sample size was small. Overall, risk of bias for included studies tended to be high. We conclude that RSV transmission risk varies widely during hospital outbreaks. Although multi‐component control strategies appear broadly successful, further research is required to disaggregate the effectiveness of individual components including the potential role of palivizumab prophylaxis.

show abstract

“…In the United States alone, RSV infection is the most common cause of respiratory disease leading to hospitalization in children, costing an estimated $300-$400 million annually [1,2]. RSV is the major cause of bronchiolitis in children, and the incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalization in children under 1 year of age increased 2.4-fold from 1980 to 1996 [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

Meyerholz

Grubor

Fach

et al. 2004

Microbes and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that perinatal RSV clearance is age-dependent, which may explain the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants. The preterm lamb model is useful for assessing agedependent mechanisms of severe RSV infection. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that peri...

show abstract

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus

Cited by 1,058 publications

References 86 publications

Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients: An Emergent Clinical Syndrome with Implications on Allograft Function

Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients: An Emergent Clinical Syndrome with Implications on Allograft Function

Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About