Respiratory rate monitoring in healthy volunteers by central photoplethysmography compared to capnography

Abstract

Monitoring of respiration is a central task in clinical medicine, crucial to patient safety. Despite the uncontroversial role of altered respiratory frequency as an important sign of impending or manifest deterioration, reliable measurement methods are mostly lacking outside of intensive care units and operating theaters. Photoplethysmography targeting the central blood circulation in the sternum could offer accurate and inexpensive monitoring of respiration. Changes in blood flow related to the different parts of the respiratory cycle are used to identify the respiratory pattern. The aim of this observational study was to compare photoplethysmography at the sternum to standard capnography in healthy volunteers. Bland Altman analysis showed good agreement (bias −0.21, SD 1.6, 95% limits of agreement −3.4 to 2.9) in respiratory rate values. Photoplethysmography provided high‐quality measurements of respiratory rate comparable to capnographic measurements. This suggests that photoplethysmography may become a precise, cost‐effective alternative for respiratory monitoring.

Noise-tolerant NMF-based parallel algorithm for respiratory rate estimation

“…While several techniques have been developed for RR estimation, some have emerged as reliable gold standards for further analysis, such as capnography [11] and respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) [12]. These technologies have proven their efficacy in delivering accurate RR measurements, making them essential in various clinical settings.…”