Respiratory quinone profiles as tools for identifying different bacterial populations in activated sludge.

Hiraishi, Akira

doi:10.2323/jgam.34.39

Cited by 106 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…During the past decade, microbial quinones from mixed populations in activated sludge and some other wastewater environments have been analyzed successfully using HPLC techniques (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)19). Previous research has shown that standard activated-sludge systems in sewage treatment plants contain both menaquinones and ubiquinones with MK/ Q molar ratios of 0.6 to 1.0 (6,8,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of isoprenoid quinones as biomarkers of bacterial populations in activated sludge has, in recent years, received intensive study (6)(7)(8)(9)11,19). This biomarker approach, as well as molecular methods with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes (22-24) and PCRinvolved 16S rDNA libraries (1), have proven to be useful for in situ characterization of microbial communities of activated sludge without isolating and cultivating.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection.

Hiraishi

Ueda

Ishihara

et al. 1996

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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376

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection.

Hiraishi

Ueda

Ishihara

et al. 1996

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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731

376

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“…Respiratory quinone profiles of activated sludge provide valuable information on the bacterial population structure of the sludge (8,9). Thus, we assessed the predominant bacteria in sugar waste activated sludge by performing a quinone profile analysis before isolation.…”

Section: Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Yoshimi¹,

Hiraishi

Nakamura

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A new gram-positive bacterium was isolated from activated sludge acclimated with sugar-containing synthetic wastewater. This organism, designated strain Y-104T (T = type strain), was a coccus-shaped, aerobic chemoorganotroph that had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This strain accumulates large amounts of polysaccharide in its cells. Strain Y-104T has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: it contains menaquinone MK-8(H4), its DNA G+C content is 67.5 mol%, and it contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. No previously described high-G+ C-content gram-positive coccus contains both MK-8(H4) as a major quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA sequences showed that strain Y-104T represents a line of descent distinct from those of previously described species of high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria and that members of the genus Frankiu are the nearest neighbors. Therefore, we concluded that our isolate should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which we propose the name Microsphueru multipurtita. The type strain is strain Y-104.Activated sludge is a rich source of aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria which belong to various taxonomic and phylogenetic groups, and some of these organisms may not have been described yet. The community structure of activated sludge systems varies remarkably in response to the chemical nature of the wastewater and the operational conditions, and bacteria capable of rapid uptake and accumulation of substrates from the wastewater may predominate under substrate-limiting conditions, particularly when substrate addition is intermittent (for example, in batch treatment processes). The fact that activated sludges contain large amounts of reserve materials, such as glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polyphosphate, under certain conditions suggests that there are bacterial species that have the ability to accumulate these reserve materials. Our recent study demonstrated that a new polyphosphateaccumulating gram-positive bacterium (22), for which we proposed the name Microlunatus phosphovonis (21), is present in activated sludge showing enhanced phosphate removal.The bacterial composition and capacity for polysaccharide accumulation of activated sludge treating carbohydrate-containing wastewater have been major subjects of study (27)(28)(29)(30)34). Early reports in the literature showed that large coccusshaped gram-positive bacteria constituted significant proportions of the bacterial flora of activated sludge loaded with carbohydrate-rich wastewater (28, 30), although no detailed taxonomic study of these gram-positive cocci was performed thereafter. Activated sludge cultured under batch operational conditions with intermittent addition of substrate containing glucose showed rapid substrate uptake and accumulated substrate as polysaccharide which was later consumed slowly for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein (20). Accordingly, to elucidate the mechanism of selection o...

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“…Fatty acid methyl ester analysis was performed by MIDI Labs on whole cells grown on TSA incubated at 28 u C for 24±2 h according to Sasser (1997). Quinones were extracted from fresh cells of strain JA40 T by using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2 : 1, v/v) (Hiraishi, 1988). The extracts were filtered and evaporated to near dryness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pseudoxanthomonas kalamensis sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from Johnston Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

Harada

Campbell

2006

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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An aerobic, mesophilic bacterium, strain JA40 T , was isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls collected from Johnston Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. The strain formed yellow-pigmented colonies on heterotrophic media. The cells were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating rods. The strain reduced nitrite to nitrous oxide, the DNA G+C content was 64 mol% and the dominant fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17 : 1 iso cis7 and 11 : 0 iso 3-OH. DNA sequencing of 1457 nt of the 16S rRNA gene established that JA40 T belongs in the genus Pseudoxanthomonas within the Xanthomonadaceae branch of the Gammaproteobacteria. Strain JA40 T can be differentiated from other mesophilic species in the genus on the basis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and distinctive fatty acid profile. Thus strain JA40 T (=ATCC BAA-1031 T =CIP 108476 T ) is the type strain of a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas kalamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The genera Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomonas and Pseudoxanthomonas partly comprise the family Xanthomonadaceae in the Gammaproteobacteria (Finkmann et al., 2000;Yang et al., 2005). These genera share phenotypic traits (e.g. colony shape and colour, cell morphology, Gram reaction), the presence of branched-chain fatty acids and the presence of ubiquinones with eight isoprenoid units (Q-8). Members of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, however, are differentiated from members of the genera Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas by their ability to reduce nitrite but not nitrate to N 2 O and by the absence of the fatty acid C 13 : 0 iso 3-OH (Thierry et al., 2004). Here we describe the isolation of strain JA40 T and its characterization as a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas. Johnston Atoll is located in the NorthStrain JA40 T was isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from Johnston Atoll. The strain was originally cultivated from serial dilutions of soil spread-plated on marine agar 2216 (MA; Difco). Colonies that arose after 3-5 days incubation at 30 uC were streaked for isolation on MA. Strain purity was checked (through repeated transfers) by assessing the consistency of the colony characteristics, the cell morphology and the Gram reaction. Strain JA40 T was maintained on MA or in marine broth 2216 (MB; Difco). Stock cultures were stored at 280 u C in MB with 50 % (v/v) glycerol.Unless noted, all characterizations of strain JA40 T were performed on cells grown for 5 days at 30 uC on MA. Motility was checked by means of the hanging drop method using light microscopy under a 6100 objective with oil immersion. The morphology of negatively stained cells (1 % uranyl acetate) was observed in an LEO 912 energy-filtering transmission electron microscope. Images were recorded as digital files with a Pro-scan frame transfer CCD camera. Cells prepared for transmission electron microscopy were grown for 4 days on tryptic soy agar (TSA; D...

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Respiratory quinone profiles as tools for identifying different bacterial populations in activated sludge.

Cited by 106 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection.

Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection.

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Pseudoxanthomonas kalamensis sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from Johnston Atoll, North Pacific Ocean

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