Respiratory physiology during NAVA ventilation in neonates born with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia: The “NAVA‐diaph” pilot study

Abstract

Background Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a ventilatory mode that delivers synchronized ventilation, proportional to the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). Although it has been proposed in infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), the diaphragmatic defect and the surgical repair could alter the physiology of the diaphragm. Aim To evaluate, in a pilot study, the relationship between the respiratory drive (EAdi) and the respiratory effort in neonates with CDH during the postsurgical period under either NAVA ventilation or conventional ventilation (CV). Methods This prospective physiological study included eight neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of CDH. EAdi, esophageal, gastric, and transdiaphragmatic pressure, as well as clinical parameters, were recorded during NAVA and CV (synchronized intermittent mandatory pressure ventilation) in the postsurgical period. Results EAdi was detectable and there was a correlation between the ΔEAdi (maximal − minimal values) and the transdiaphragmatic pressure (r = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.222; 0.299]). There was no significant difference in terms of clinical or physiological parameters during NAVA compared to CV, including work of breathing. Conclusion Respiratory drive and effort were correlated in infants with CDH and therefore NAVA is a suitable proportional mode in this population. EAdi can also be used to monitor the diaphragm for individualized support.