2022
DOI: 10.1111/pan.14380
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Respiratory physiology at high altitude and considerations for pediatric patients

Abstract: There are over 150 million people that live at altitudes over 2500 m.More than half live in Asia and roughly one quarter in the Andes.A much greater number live at moderate altitudes of over 1500 m, and many people who live at low elevations come to high-altitude locations for recreation. A sizable percentage of these populations are children. Many physiological differences occur at moderate or high altitude that affect the health of this population, can affect the delivery of anesthetics in these locations, a… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…With increased elevation, the temperature and partial pressure of oxygen are reduced, resulting in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. The high-altitude cold and hypoxic environment affects the body’s respiratory function, mainly manifested as tachypnoea and increased lung ventilation volume [ 58 , 59 ]. This change in respiratory function may increase the inhalation of air pollutants due to higher ventilation, which could amplify the adverse health effects of air pollutants [ 60 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With increased elevation, the temperature and partial pressure of oxygen are reduced, resulting in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. The high-altitude cold and hypoxic environment affects the body’s respiratory function, mainly manifested as tachypnoea and increased lung ventilation volume [ 58 , 59 ]. This change in respiratory function may increase the inhalation of air pollutants due to higher ventilation, which could amplify the adverse health effects of air pollutants [ 60 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cold waves, not only increase the body's stress response and affect physical and cognitive functions but can also induce changes in airway function and bronchoconstriction [7][8][9], thereby exacerbating respiratory disease, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [10,11]. Additionally, the hypoxic and lowpressure environment in high-altitude areas can trigger various diseases by stimulating hypoxia-inducible factors, enhancing inflammatory responses, and damaging mitochondrial functions, with the impact on health possibly becoming more pronounced during cold wave periods [12][13][14]. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), as a major component of air pollution, is widely recognised for its aggravating effects on respiratory disease [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A partir de los 1.500 m.s.n.m. este valor se hace insostenible lo que conlleva a un aumento de la ventilación y en consecuencia a un descenso predecible de la presión de dióxido de carbono 3 . Estos cambios pueden ser atenuados bajo climatización, pero requiere de exposición prolongada, es variada y genéticamente determinada y pueden llevar a hipertensión pulmonar y poliglobulia [3][4][5] .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…este valor se hace insostenible lo que conlleva a un aumento de la ventilación y en consecuencia a un descenso predecible de la presión de dióxido de carbono 3 . Estos cambios pueden ser atenuados bajo climatización, pero requiere de exposición prolongada, es variada y genéticamente determinada y pueden llevar a hipertensión pulmonar y poliglobulia [3][4][5] . Lo anterior, sumado a las condiciones socioculturales, económicas y nutricionales de los contextos de recursos limitados, como sucede en los Andes latinoamericanos 4,5 , hace que la mortalidad en habitantes de grandes alturas sea mayor, y se explica por una menor reserva fisiológica en las enfermedades respiratorias, hipertensión pulmonar, entre otras 3,[6][7][8] , generando una interpretación diferente en los índices de oxigenación 3,5 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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