Respiratory modulation of human autonomic rhythms

Badra, Leslie J.; Cooke, William H.; Hoag, Jeffrey B.; Crossman, Alexandra A.; Kuusela, Tom; Tahvanainen, Kari U. O.; Eckberg, Dwain L.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.6.h2674

Cited by 165 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The data from our study leave open the possibility that vitamin C acts directly on the sinoatrial node or on the autonomic respiratory pattern. 35 Last, we underline that low baroreflex sensitivity as determined with the phenylephrine method is associated with high mortality rates in CHF 8,15 and in patients with post-myocardial infarction. 13 Despite the various approaches tried, few data have emerged as a guide to specific therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Influence of Vitamin C on Baroreflex Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure

et al. 2003

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Abstract-Chronic heart failure (CHF) reduces baroreflex sensitivity. Low baroreflex sensitivity, a risk factor for sudden death, could arise partly from CHF-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Vitamin C at high doses has a protective role against CHF-related endothelial damage. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin C on baroreflex sensitivity in CHF. A study group of 33 subjects with CHF secondary to postischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction Յ35% and a control group (11 subjects) underwent assessment of baroreflex sensitivity by the phenylephrine method and an autonomic nervous system study by power spectral analysis. Variables were assessed after infusion of placebo and high doses of vitamin C (2.5 mg). In subjects with CHF, baroreflex sensitivity was significantly higher after vitamin C than after placebo infusion (placebo: 4.1Ϯ0.4 versus vitamin C: 5.3Ϯ0.5 ms/mm Hg, PϽ0.001). Low-frequency of R-R (LF RR)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Influence of Vitamin C on Baroreflex Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure

et al. 2003

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“…Numerous correlations exist between respiration and the modulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [20,21]. Using several measures of autonomic function, deep breathing techniques (such as pranayama) have been shown to increase parasympathetic activation [22,23].…”

Section: Influence Of Respiratory Rhythm On the Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread depolarization during expiration: A source of respiratory drive?

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Medical Hypotheses

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a b s t r a c tRespiration influences various pacemakers and rhythms of the body during inspiration and expiration but the underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown. Understanding this phenomenon is important, as breathing disorders, breath holding, and hyperventilation can lead to significant medical conditions. We discuss the physiological modulation of heart rhythm, blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, EEG, and other changes observed during inspiration and expiration. We also correlate the intracellular mitochondrial respiratory metabolic processes with real-time breathing and correlate membrane potential changes with inspiration and expiration. We propose that widespread minor hyperpolarization occurs during inspiration and widespread minor depolarization occurs during expiration. This depolarization is likely a source of respiratory drive. Further knowledge of intracellular and extracellular ionic changes associated with respiration will enhance our understanding of respiration and its role as a modulator of cellular membrane potential. This could expand treatment options for a wide range of health conditions, such as breathing disorders, stress-related disorders, and further our understanding of the Hering-Breuer reflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia.Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionIn addition to gas exchange and oxygenation of the blood, respiration in the lungs can regulate multiple physiological processes throughout the body. Studies of the cardiovascular system, the peripheral nervous system, and the central nervous system provide evidence that respiratory patterns can exert a significant and immediate influence on a wide range of bodily functions, including changes in blood pressure and sympathovagal balance. Patterned respiration can regulate blood pressure and heart rate [1], as well as regulate rhythmic centers of the brain that control cardiovascular output [2,3]. While the majority of these findings have demonstrated the impact of respiration on cardiac output and other processes in isolated preparations, little work has focused on respiration's direct influence on membrane potential.This article reviews the current understanding of respiration as a regulator of cardiovascular physiology and nervous system function. More specifically, we discuss the role of respiratory rhythm and rate on both systemic and local control of these systems. We describe the role of pulmonary stretch receptors (with a focus on slowly adapting receptors) in converting breathing patterns into a functional, multi-faceted, mechanism that allows respiration to communicate with, and direct various aspects of cardiovascular and nervous system physiology. We propose a hypothesis in which inspiration and expiration are associated with transient increases and decreases in membrane potential that may underlie these widespread changes and how these membrane potential changes may underlie the chaotic dynamics of rhythmic breathing.Many studies focus on the brainstem as the primary modulator of resp...

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“…Various pathological and physical conditions affect HRV by inducing changes in the cardiac ANS, although other factors, particularly respiratory parameters, may also affect HRV, since the HF component is associated with respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which is of respiratory origin (Novak et al 1993;Brown et al 1993;Pitzalis et al 1998;Badra et al 2001). RSA is a physiological phenomenon that is characterized by a decrease in RRI concurrent with inspiration when respiratory mechanisms in the brainstem attenuate the vagal efferent action to the heart and by an increase in RRI during expiration when the vagal efferent influence to the heart is activated (Tonhajzerova et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consciously Controlled Breathing Decreases the High-Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability by Inhibiting Cardiac Parasympathetic Nerve Activity

Sasaki

Maruyama

2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat alterations in heart rate, comprises sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activities of the heart. HRV analysis is used to quantify cardiac autonomic regulation. Since respiration could be a confounding factor in HRV evaluation, some studies recommend consciously controlled breathing to standardize the method. However, it remains unclear whether controlled breathing affects HRV measurement. We compared the effects of controlled breathing on HRV with those of spontaneous breathing. In 20 healthy volunteers, we measured respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume, and blood pressure (BP) and recorded electrocardiograms during spontaneous breathing (14.8 ± 0.7 breaths/min) and controlled breathing at 15 (0.25 Hz) and 6 (0.10 Hz) breaths/min. Compared to spontaneous breathing, controlled breathing at 0.25 Hz showed a higher heart rate and a lower highfrequency (HF) component, an index of parasympathetic nerve activity, although the f was the same. During controlled breathing at 0.10 Hz, the ratio of the low frequency (LF) to HF components (LF/HF), an index of sympathetic nerve activity, increased greatly and HF decreased, while heart rate and BP remained almost unchanged. Thus, controlled breathing at 0.25 Hz, which requires mental concentration, might inhibit parasympathetic nerve activity. During controlled breathing at 0.10 Hz, LF/HF increases because some HF subcomponents are synchronized with f and probably move into the LF band. This increment leads to misinterpretation of the true autonomic nervous regulation. We recommend that the respiratory pattern of participants should be evaluated before spectral HRV analysis to correctly understand changes in autonomic nervous regulation.

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Respiratory modulation of human autonomic rhythms

Cited by 165 publications

References 59 publications

Influence of Vitamin C on Baroreflex Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure

Influence of Vitamin C on Baroreflex Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure

Widespread depolarization during expiration: A source of respiratory drive?

Consciously Controlled Breathing Decreases the High-Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability by Inhibiting Cardiac Parasympathetic Nerve Activity

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