Respiratory Infection and the Impact of Pulmonary Immunity on Lung Health and Disease

Mizgerd, Joseph P.

doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-1063pp

Cited by 94 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, the lung innate and adaptive immune system in its steady state exhibits a generally anti-inflammatory environment 1 . Failure of immune response regulation might lead to a disrupted normal lung tissue architecture and structure due to minor and major structural changes 2 . The barrier functions of epithelial tissue in the lung environment are essentially responsible for a major portion of tissue homeostasis 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The innate and adaptive immune systems in lungs are maintained not only by immune cells but also by non-immune tissue structures, locally providing wide intercellular communication networks and regulating the local tissue immune response. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the appearance and distribution of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue samples. Material and Methods. We evaluated lung tissue specimens obtained from 49 patients aged 9-95 years in relatively healthy study subjects. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by an immunohistochemistry (IMH) method. The number of positive structures was counted semiquantitatively by microscopy. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. Results. IL-1-positive cells were mostly found in the bronchial cartilage and alveolar epithelium. Immunoreactive lung macrophages were also found. The numbers of IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10 containing cells were also found in the bronchial epithelium (in addition to those previously listed). The number of positive structures varied from occasional to moderate, but was graded higher in cartilage. Overall, fewer IL-1-positive cells and more IL-10-positive cells were found. Almost no positive structures for all examined cytokines were found in connective tissue and bronchial glands. Conclusions. Relatively healthy lung tissue exhibits anti-inflammatory response patterns. The cytokine distribution and appearance suggest persistent stimulation of cytokine expression in lung tissue and indicate the presence of local regulatory and modulating patterns. The pronounced cytokine distribution in bronchial cartilage suggests the involvement of a compensatory local immune response in the supporting tissue.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Vitenberga¹,

Pilmane²

2017

BIOMED PAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death globally and the leading cause of hospitalization for U.S. children (4). Prior colonization of the upper airway with respiratory pathogens typically precedes lower respiratory infections (5), and colonization of infant upper airways of neonates with respiratory pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae associates with increased lower airway infection in the first 3 years of life (6).…”

Section: Introducing the Respiratory Tract To The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Infant Nose. Introducing the Respiratory Tract to the World

Mizgerd

2014

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Lungs are constantly exposed to pathogens; therefore, a highly restrictive alveolar epithelial barrier and finely tuned host defense mechanisms are indispensable for their protection. 1,2 Unchecked inflammation is linked to various acute and chronic diseases, including edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and fibrosis. 3,4 Although it is abundantly clear that the alveolar epithelial barrier regulates the transport of gases, liquid, and ions, 5,6 the role of the barrier in the regulation of the innate immune function of lungs remains poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

p120-Catenin Expressed in Alveolar Type II Cells Is Essential for the Regulation of Lung Innate Immune Response

Chignalia

Vogel

Reynolds

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The integrity of the lung alveolar epithelial barrier is required for the gas exchange and is important for immune regulation. Alveolar epithelial barrier is composed of flat type I cells, which make up approximately 95% of the gas-exchange surface, and cuboidal type II cells, which secrete surfactants and modulate lung immunity. p120-catenin (p120; gene symbol CTNND1) is an important component of adherens junctions of epithelial cells; however, its function in lung alveolar epithelial barrier has not been addressed in genetic models. Here, we created an inducible type II cell-specific p120-knockout mouse (p120EKO). The mutant lungs showed chronic inflammation, and the alveolar epithelial barrier was leaky to (125)I-albumin tracer compared to wild type. The mutant lungs also demonstrated marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of NF-κB. Intracellular adhesion molecule 1, Toll-like receptor 4, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 were all up-regulated. p120EKO lungs showed increased expression of the surfactant proteins Sp-B, Sp-C, and Sp-D, and displayed severe inflammation after pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with wild type. In p120-deficient type II cell monolayers, we observed reduced transepithelial resistance compared to control, consistent with formation of defective adherens junctions. Thus, although type II cells constitute only 5% of the alveolar surface area, p120 expressed in these cells plays a critical role in regulating the innate immunity of the entire lung.

show abstract

Respiratory Infection and the Impact of Pulmonary Immunity on Lung Health and Disease

Cited by 94 publications

References 51 publications

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system

The Infant Nose. Introducing the Respiratory Tract to the World

p120-Catenin Expressed in Alveolar Type II Cells Is Essential for the Regulation of Lung Innate Immune Response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About