Respiratory health of brickworkers in Cape Town, South Africa. Background, aims and dust exposure determinations.

Je, Myers; Lewis, Peter; W, Hofmeyr

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1866

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, there are few data on distribution of exposure values for developing countries. Using relevant data that could be obtained [Yin et al, 1987;Myers et al, 1989;Rees et al, 1992;Dosemeci et al, 1995;Partanen et al, 1995;NIOSH, 1999;NIOSH, 2000], partition factors were estimated for the A regions and for the B-E regions. For A regions, it was assumed that 0.90 of exposed workers had Low exposures (at/or below the PEL), and 0.10 had High exposures (above the PEL).…”

Section: Lung Carcinogens and Leukemogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of disease due to occupational carcinogens

Driscoll

Nelson

Steenland

et al. 2005

American J Industrial Med

296

235

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Section: Lung Carcinogens and Leukemogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of disease due to occupational carcinogens

Driscoll

Nelson

Steenland

et al. 2005

American J Industrial Med

296

235

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“…For the B, C, D, and E subregions, it was assumed that half of the exposed workers had low exposures, and half had high exposures [Yin et al, 1987;Myers et al, 1989;Rees et al, 1992;Dosemeci et al, 1995;Partanen et al, 1995; NIOSH, 1999; NIOSH, 2000]. Further, where it was necessary to specify an exposure level, for example, to estimate lifetime cumulative exposure to silica, or level of noise exposure, the exposures in the A subregions were estimated to be lower than in the B, C, D, and E subregions.…”

Section: Global Burden Of Selected Occupational Risks 407mentioning

confidence: 99%

The global burden of selected occupational diseases and injury risks: Methodology and summary

Nelson

Concha-Barrientos²,

Driscoll

et al. 2005

American J Industrial Med

172

127

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“…Previous investigations of dust conditions in the industry have been made in Canada, 5 the United States, 6 7 the United Kingdom, 8 and more recently in South Africa. 9 Dust concentrations have exceeded relevant control limits in some instances. 5 Studies of the health eVects of exposure to dust in the heavy clay industry have also been carried out in Europe, North America, and South Africa during the past 60 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of respiratory disease in the heavy clay industry.

et al. 1999

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Objectives-Little information is available on the quantitative risks of respiratory disease from quartz in airborne dust in the heavy clay industry. Available evidence suggested that these risks might be low, possibly because of the presence in the dust of other minerals, such as illite and kaolinite, which may reduce the harmful eVects of quartz. The aims of the present cross sectional study were to determine among workers in the industry (a) their current and cumulative exposures to respirable mixed dust and quartz; (b) the frequencies of chest radiographic abnormalities and respiratory symptoms; (c) the relations between cumulative exposure to respirable dust and quartz, and risks of radiographic abnormality and respiratory symptoms. Methods-Factories were chosen where the type of process had changed as little as possible during recent decades. 18 were selected in England and Scotland, ranging in size from 35 to 582 employees, representing all the main types of raw material, end product, kilns, and processes in the manufacture of bricks, pipes, and tiles but excluding refractory products. Weights of respirable dust and quartz in more than 1400 personal dust samples, and site histories, were used to derive occupational groups characterised by their levels of exposure to dust and quartz. Full size chest radiographs, respiratory symptoms, smoking, and occupational history questionnaires were administered to current workers at each factory. Exposureresponse relations were examined for radiographic abnormalities (dust and quartz) and respiratory symptoms (dust only). Results-Respirable dust and quartz concentrations ranged from means of 0.4 and 0.04 mg.m -3 for non-process workers to 10.0 and 0.62 mg.m -3 for kiln demolition workers respectively. Although 97% of all quartz concentrations were below the maximum exposure limit of 0.4 mg.m -3 , 10% were greater than this among the groups of workers exposed to most dust. Cumulative exposure calculations for dust and quartz took account of changes of occupational group, factory, and kiln type at study and non-study sites. Because of the importance of changes of kiln type additional weighting factors were applied to concentrations of dust and quartz during previous employment at factories that used certain types of kiln. 85% (1934 employees) of the identified workforce attended the medical surveys. The frequency of small opacities in the chest radiograph, category >1/0, was 1.4% (median reading) and seven of these 25 men had category >2/1. Chronic bronchitis was reported by 14.2% of the workforce and breathlessness, when walking with someone of their own age, by 4.4%. Risks of having category >0/1 small opacities differed by site and were also influenced by age, smoking, and lifetime cumulative exposure to respirable dust and quartz. Although exposures to dust and to quartz were highly correlated, the evidence suggested that radiological abnormality was associated with quartz rather than dust. A doubling of cumulative quartz exposure increased the risk of having...

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Respiratory health of brickworkers in Cape Town, South Africa. Background, aims and dust exposure determinations.

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

The global burden of disease due to occupational carcinogens

The global burden of disease due to occupational carcinogens

The global burden of selected occupational diseases and injury risks: Methodology and summary

Risks of respiratory disease in the heavy clay industry.

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