Respiratory gas concentrations in the microhabitats of some florida arthropods

Anderson, John F.; Ultsch, Gordon R.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(87)90086-7

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such an approach would aid in revealing possible interactive effects of the gas variables that may not be detected when variables are examined in isolation. Indeed in reality, insects encounter microclimates of low O 2 and high CO 2 rather than the individually manipulated gas variable of the present study (Anderson and Ultsch, 1987). Furthermore, the level of intratracheal O 2 influences the level of CO 2 at which spiracles open, and vice versa (Burkett and Schneiderman, 1967;Burkett and Schneiderman, 1974b), so it is possible that a combination of hyperoxia and hypercapnia may elicit acclimation responses different to those observed in the present study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Cockroaches breathe discontinuously to reduce respiratory water loss

Schimpf

Matthews

Wilson

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe reasons why many insects breathe discontinuously at rest are poorly understood and hotly debated. Three adaptive hypotheses attempt to explain the significance of these discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs), whether it be to save water, to facilitate gas exchange in underground environments or to limit oxidative damage. Comparative studies favour the water saving hypothesis and mechanistic studies are equivocal but no study has examined the acclimation responses of adult insects chronically exposed to a range of respiratory environments. The present research is the first manipulative study of such chronic exposure to take a strong-inference approach to evaluating the competing hypotheses according to the explicit predictions stemming from them. Adult cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) were chronically exposed to various treatments of different respiratory gas compositions (O 2 , CO 2 and humidity) and the DGC responses were interpreted in light of the a priori predictions stemming from the competing hypotheses. Rates of mass loss during respirometry were also measured for animals acclimated to a range of humidity conditions. The results refute the hypotheses of oxidative damage and underground gas exchange, and provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that DGCs serve to reduce respiratory water loss: cockroaches exposed to low humidity conditions exchange respiratory gases for shorter durations during each DGC and showed lower rates of body mass loss during respirometry than cockroaches exposed to high humidity conditions.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Cockroaches breathe discontinuously to reduce respiratory water loss

Schimpf

Matthews

Wilson

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In natural microhabitats they can reach levels above 0.1% due to respiration of plants, animals and microorganisms (Gillies, 1980;Anderson and Ultsch, 1987;Zollner et al, 2004). We demonstrate here that CO 2 emission from bananas can raise concentrations in the air and that the ripening process leads to a drop in emission with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Behavioral responses of Drosophila to biogenic levels of carbon dioxide depend on life-stage, sex and olfactory context

Faucher

Forstreuter

Hilker

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

126

113

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SUMMARY Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) detects and uses many volatiles for its survival. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is detected in adults by a special class of olfactory receptor neurons, expressing the gustatory receptor Gr21a. The behavioral responses to CO2 were investigated in a four-field olfactometer bioassay that is new for Drosophila. We determined (1) whether the sensitivity of this response changes with odor context, and (2) if it depends on sex and life stage. When CO2 was added to ambient air in one field and tested against ambient air in the three other fields, individually observed adults avoided CO2 (0.1-1%above ambient), but did not respond to a low rise of 0.02%. We relate this behavior to measurements of CO2 production in bananas and flies. When 0.02% CO2 was combined with the odor of apple cider vinegar in one field of the olfactometer and tested against ambient air in the three other fields, the addition of CO2 did not affect the attractiveness of apple cider vinegar alone. However, this combination of CO2 and vinegar became repellent when it was tested against vinegar at ambient CO2 concentrations in the three other fields. This `odor background effect' was female-specific, revealing a sexually dimorphic behavior. The new assay allowed us to test larvae under similar conditions and compare their behavior to that of adults. Like adults, they avoided CO2, but with lower sensitivity. Larvae lacking neurons expressing Gr21a lost their avoidance behavior to CO2, but kept their positive response to vinegar odor. Hence, Gr21a-expressing neurons mediate similar behaviors in larvae and adults.

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“…Oxygen levels in this environment vary from 1–21%, depending on depth from the surface as well as soil properties such as compaction, aeration and drainage (Anderson and Ultsch, 1987). C. elegans show a behavioral preference for 5–10% O 2 levels and avoid higher and lower concentrations (Gray et al, 2004).…”

Section: Staying Within a Preferred Concentration Range: Oxygen Sensimentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of Thin Air: Sensory Detection of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Scott

2011

Neuron

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Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels vary in different environments and locally fluctuate during respiration and photosynthesis. Recent studies in diverse animals have identified sensory neurons that detect these external variations and direct a variety of behaviors. Detection allows animals to stay within a preferred environment as well as identify potential food or dangers. The complexity of sensation is reflected in the fact that neurons compartmentalize detection into increases, decreases, short-range and long-range cues. Animals also adjust their responses to these prevalent signals in context of other cues, allowing for flexible behaviors. In general, the molecular mechanisms for detection suggest that sensory neurons adopted ancient strategies for cellular detection and coupled them to brain activity and behavior. This review highlights the multiple strategies that animals use to extract information about their environment from variations in oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Respiratory gas concentrations in the microhabitats of some florida arthropods

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Cockroaches breathe discontinuously to reduce respiratory water loss

Cockroaches breathe discontinuously to reduce respiratory water loss

Behavioral responses of Drosophila to biogenic levels of carbon dioxide depend on life-stage, sex and olfactory context

Out of Thin Air: Sensory Detection of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

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