Respiratory flows as a method for safely preventing the coronavirus transmission (COVID-19)

Córdova, Alfredo; Latasa, Iban

doi:10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.05.001

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Aerodynamic studies suggest an increased potential range of droplet transfer from one individual to another during exertional performance [ 14 ] due to increased ventilation and respiratory volumes with increased exertion. Observational data measuring athlete respiratory volumes during maximal exertion suggest an optimal safe distance of 10–20 m when considering droplet transmission [ 15 ]. In their model, safety distance varied proportionally to exercise intensity, and therefore to the respiratory flow (e.g., 2 m at rest or 11.6 m when ventilation is 160 L/min) [ 15 ].…”

Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observational data measuring athlete respiratory volumes during maximal exertion suggest an optimal safe distance of 10–20 m when considering droplet transmission [ 15 ]. In their model, safety distance varied proportionally to exercise intensity, and therefore to the respiratory flow (e.g., 2 m at rest or 11.6 m when ventilation is 160 L/min) [ 15 ]. Direct measurement of droplet dispersion was not performed in either study [ 14 , 15 ] but instead estimated on the basis of variations in respiratory flow [ 15 ] and without taking into account air turbulence during movement outdoors or the impact of the wind.…”

Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their model, safety distance varied proportionally to exercise intensity, and therefore to the respiratory flow (e.g., 2 m at rest or 11.6 m when ventilation is 160 L/min) [ 15 ]. Direct measurement of droplet dispersion was not performed in either study [ 14 , 15 ] but instead estimated on the basis of variations in respiratory flow [ 15 ] and without taking into account air turbulence during movement outdoors or the impact of the wind. Therefore, these studies do not sufficiently clarify the risk of contamination and spread of the coronavirus during sporting activities in the field, either by aerosols or by droplets.…”

Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations for Face Coverings While Exercising During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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In an effort to reduce transmission and number of infections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) virus, governments and official bodies around the world have produced guidelines on the use of face masks and face coverings. While there is a growing body of recommendations for healthcare professionals and the wider population to use facial protection in “enclosed spaces” where minimal distancing from other individuals is not possible, there is a dearth of clear guidelines for individuals undertaking exercise and sporting activity. The present viewpoint aims to propose recommendations for face coverings while exercising during the COVID-19 pandemic that consider physical distancing, the environment, the density of active cases associated with the specific sports activity, and the practical use of face coverings in order to reduce potential viral transmission. Recommendations are provided on the basis of very limited available evidence in conjunction with the extensive collective clinical experience of the authors and acknowledging the need to consider the likelihood of the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in the general population. We recommend that face coverings should be used in any environment considered to be of a high or moderate transmission risk, where tolerated and after individual risk assessment. In addition, as national caseloads fluctuate, individual sporting bodies should consider up to date guidance on the use of face coverings during sport and exercise, alongside other preventative measures.

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Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drafting and The External Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations for Face Coverings While Exercising During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…The transmission of a pathogen via aerosols is also influenced by the stability of the virus in the environment. In an experimental study van Doremalen et al [16] In measurements with athletes as well as sedentary persons a maximum volume flow for the athletes of 200 l/min (12 m³/h) was found by Córdova and Latasa [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As a conclusion, the following average values can be used for adults:  low activity (breathing while lying): 0.45 m 3 /h [19]  low activity (breathing while sitting, standing or talking): 0.54 m 3 /h [19,20]  singing: 0.65 m 3 /h [21]  mid activity (physical work): 0.9 m 3 /h [20]  sports: 1.2 m 3 /h [18,20] For children, the lung volume is smaller. Therefore, the respiratory rate for children aged 14 can be assumed to be 0.45 m 3 /h for low activity (breathing while sitting, standing, talking) [22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Infection Risk for Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Kriegel

Buchholz

Gastmeier

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Currently, airborne transmission is seen as the most important transmission path for SARS-CoV-2. In this investigation, models of other researchers with the aim to predict an infection risk for exposed persons in a room through aerosols emitted by an infectious case-patient were extended. As a novelty parameters or boundary conditions, namely the non-stationarity of aerosol and the half life of aerosolized virus, were included and a new method for determining the quanta emission rate based on measurements of the particle emission rate and respiratory rate at different types of activities was implemented. As a second step, the model was applied to twelve outbreaks to compare the predicted infection risk with the observed attack rate. To estimate a 'credible interval' of the predicted infection risk the quanta emission rate, the respiratory rate as well as the air volume flow were varied. In nine out of twelve outbreaks, the calculated predicted infection risk via aerosols was found to be in the range the attack rate (with the variation of the boundary conditions) and reasons for the observed larger divergence were discussed. The validation was considered successful and therefore, the use of the model could be recommended to predict the risk of an infection via aerosols in given situations. Furthermore, appropriate preventive measures can be designed.

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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by the sports professional: Recommendations for intervention and training in coexistence with COVID-19

Aranda-García

2021

Apunts Sports Medicine

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Respiratory flows as a method for safely preventing the coronavirus transmission (COVID-19)

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Recommendations for Face Coverings While Exercising During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Recommendations for Face Coverings While Exercising During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Predicted Infection Risk for Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by the sports professional: Recommendations for intervention and training in coexistence with COVID-19

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