Respiratory drive during sudden cold water immersion

Mekjavić, Igor B.; Prairie, André La; Burke, Wendy; Lindborg, B.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(87)80037-3

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2, 5). This supports the findings of Mekjavic et al (1987) who reported that the respiratory drive during sudden cold water immersion was closely correlated with the dt sk . However, it should be noted that the absolute t sk was lower in group 10B compared to group 15B and this may have influenced the results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…1) at which time t sk is changing rapidly. After 30 s dt sk is reduced considerably (dt sk between 30 and 60 s was a tenth of that during the first 30 s) and therefore the stimulus for the respiratory response is also reduced (Mekjavic et al 1987). This would suggest that no further habituation to the initial respiratory responses would be obtained by prolonging the repeated exposures over 30 s provided the body surface area exposed and dt sk evoked was identical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion

Eglin

Tipton

2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The hypothesis that the initial responses to cold water immersion could be attenuated by repeated cold showers was tested. Eighteen (13 men, 5 women) non-habituated subjects undertook two 3-min head-out seated immersions into stirred water at 10 degrees C wearing swim wear. The immersions were separated by 4 days during which time they took six cold showers. The subjects were randomly split into three groups with different showering regimes: 3 min at 10 degrees C on the back (10B); 3 min at 15 degrees C on the back (15B); and 30 s at 10 degrees C on the back followed by 30 s on the front (10BF). Over the first 30 s of immersion respiratory frequency ( f (R)) was reduced by 21% in groups 10B and 10BF from 54 (14) to 44 (16) breaths.min(-1) ( P <0.05), and 33 (8) to 26 (10) breaths.min(-1) ( P <0.05) respectively, following repeated showers. Group 15B showed no change in f (R). The tachycardia induced on immersion in water at 10 degrees C was not reduced by repeated showers except in group 15B during the last 150 s [from 119 (23) to 105 (25) beats.min(-1), P <0.05]. Repeated showering in water at 10 degrees C reduced the respiratory drive (as measured by f (R)) during head-out immersion in water at the same temperature. No such habituation was observed with repeated showers in warmer water (15 degrees C). It is concluded that when the body surface area cooled is the same, the rate of change of skin temperature is an important factor in determining the degree of habituation produced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion

Eglin

Tipton

2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…This is in agreement with our previous results and data in literature (Kozyreva, 1992;Mekjavic et al, 1987;Kozyreva and Verkhogliad, 1989). In the first phase of metabolic response, which bound up with the short-term dynamic activity of skin cold receptors, oxygen consumption and respiratory coefficient increase without change in muscle activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Agonist of TRPM8 channel, menthol, facilitates the initiation of thermoregulatory responses to external cooling

Козырева

Kozaruk

Tkachenko

et al. 2010

Journal of Thermal Biology

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“…This is particularly apparent if the respiratory data are recorded at a higher sampling frequency or breath by breath (Mekjavic et al . ; Datta & Tipton, ). For example, analysis of ƒ R and V T at 10 s periods during the first 20–30 s of immersion in cold water shows that the increase in

{\dot{V}}_{E}

is primarily determined by an increase in ƒ R , with V T not increasing until ƒ R begins to fall back towards pre‐immersion levels (Tipton et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

Tipton

Harper

Paton

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

165

166

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Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported as an increase in minute ventilation (V̇E). But, the same V̇E can be achieved by a wide variety of changes in the depth (tidal volume, V ) and number of breaths (respiratory frequency, ƒ ). This review investigates the impact of stressors including: cold, heat, hypoxia, pain and panic on the contributions of ƒ and V to V̇E to see if they differ with different stressors. Where possible we also consider the potential mechanisms that underpin the responses identified, and propose mechanisms by which differences in ƒ and V are mediated. Our aim being to consider if there is an overall differential control of ƒ and V that applies in a wide range of conditions. We consider moderating factors, including exercise, sex, intensity and duration of stimuli. For the stressors reviewed, as the stress becomes extreme V̇E generally becomes increased more by ƒ than V . We also present some tentative evidence that the pattern of ƒ and V could provide some useful diagnostic information for a variety of clinical conditions. In The Physiological Society's year of 'Making Sense of Stress', this review has wide-ranging implications that are not limited to one discipline, but are integrative and relevant for physiology, psychophysiology, neuroscience and pathophysiology.

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Respiratory drive during sudden cold water immersion

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion

Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion

Agonist of TRPM8 channel, menthol, facilitates the initiation of thermoregulatory responses to external cooling

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

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