Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants is underscored by the magnitude of Th1 cytokine polarization

Varvarigou, Anastasia; Thomas, Iason; Rodi, Maria; Economou, Ioulia; Mantagos, Stefanos; Mouzaki, Αthanasia

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.005

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…RDS is the most common respiratory disorder related to prematurity and one of the most widespread causes of fatality in infants (3,4). RDS is a hyaline membrane disease in which due to preterm delivery of the infants -age of birth less than 37 weeks, production of surfactants decreases and consequently, acidosis, hypoxia, ischemia, infection and pulmonary disease mainly occur (5) then as a result, low alveolar radius, weak chest wall and decrease of the lung compliance cause pulmonary atelectasis (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain Natriuretic Peptide: A Predictor for Severity Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns

et al. 2013

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Background:Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is considered as one of the most popular prematurity-related respiratory problems and among the most prominent reasons of deaths in preterm infants. Objectives: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is the secret of the volume and pressure overload response of the vessels and decreases due to resistance as well as rises in systemic vessels and also in decline of pulmonary artery pressure. In the present paper, BNP is considered as a biomarker for prediction of RDS scoring. Materials and Methods: In this case, 65 preterm infants under 37 weeks with an Apgar score more than seven and 65 healthy term infants were chosen. All of them were controlled for three days in NICU and then divided into 4 groups based on the RDS scoring and intensity, as well as chest x-ray findings; normal, mild, moderate, and severe. Serum BNP of all the infants was measured through ELISA kit and a questionnaire was filled up for each infant based on his/her demographic information and clinical findings. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software based on the independent statistical t-test, one-sided variance analysis and X2. P < 0.05 was considered as the significant. Results:The study results revealed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the pregnancy age, weight and type of delivery between cases and control groups (P ≥ 0.05); but there was no significant difference between BNP in cases and control groups (P ≤ 0.05). However, the comparison between the mean of pregnancy weight, pregnancy age, and BNP based on RDS frequency among the patients was significant (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated that serum BNP level correlates with increased RDS scoring. Therefore, it is possible to use BNP as the prediction marker for the progressive changes of RDS which occur in premature infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Natriuretic Peptide: A Predictor for Severity Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns

et al. 2013

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“…Changes in the balance of inflammatory cells vs. regulatory T cells, and the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, result in a proinflammatory shift in the immune response, as demonstrated in experimental models of in utero inflammation and in preterm infants born after chorioamnionitis (4,5). This T-cell-driven sustained immune activation is associated with chronic inflammation and injury in the fetal lungs and gut that might lead to postnatal complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep

et al. 2014

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“…We did not observe increased levels of any of the cytokines tested in the sera of neonates with average (group B) or very low (group C) leptin levels. Elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, in particular IFN-γ have not been reported for healthy term or near-term infants; rather, elevated cord blood serum levels of IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed in premature infants that developed respiratory distress syndrome soon after birth, as we have shown recently [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cord Blood Leptin Levels of Healthy Neonates Are Associated with IFN-γ Production by Cord Blood T-Cells

et al. 2012

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Leptin is a hormone synthesized by adipocytes and other tissues, including the placenta, and it regulates food intake and energy expenditure, reproductive and immune functions. To investigate the role of leptin in neonatal immunity, we measured serum leptin and cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12) levels in the cord blood (cb) of 510 healthy neonates, 14 small for gestational age (SGA), 312 appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) and 184 large for gestational age (LGA). Median serum leptin concentration in the whole sample was 11 ng/ml. In 11.2% neonates (1 SGA, 32 AGA, 24 LGA), leptin levels were >90th percentile (median 39 ng/ml). In 33.3% of those (3.72% of total sample) with the highest leptin levels (median 46 ng/ml), significantly elevated levels of serum IFN-γ were also found (mean 27.11 pg/ml, range 17.5–38.5 pg/ml). In neonates with leptin levels ∼50th percentile (median 12 ng/ml) or <10th percentile (median 1 ng/ml), serum IFN-γ levels were negligible. All other cytokines measured, were < the assays’ detection limits. To investigate whether leptin can independently influence cytokine gene expression by cb T-cells and monocytes (Mc), we cultured cb T-cells or Mc, isolated from randomly selected AGA neonates or adult peripheral blood, with leptin. This resulted in upregulation of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 gene expression in cb and adult T-cells and IL-10 expression mainly in cb-Mc. Significantly higher expression of IFN-γ occurred in female cb-T-cells cultured with leptin, compared with male cb-T-cells. In conclusion, the concurrent presence of high concentrations in both leptin and IFN-γ in cb of healthy infants, and leptin’s ability to directly upregulate cytokine gene expression in cb T and Mc cells, indicate that abnormally high leptin levels can independently influence the immune system of healthy newborns, and may mediate gender differences in the development of a Th1 polarized immune response.

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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants is underscored by the magnitude of Th1 cytokine polarization

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Brain Natriuretic Peptide: A Predictor for Severity Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns

Brain Natriuretic Peptide: A Predictor for Severity Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns

Responses of the spleen to intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide exposure in fetal sheep

Cord Blood Leptin Levels of Healthy Neonates Are Associated with IFN-γ Production by Cord Blood T-Cells

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