Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Stark, Ann R.; Frantz, Ivan D.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36041-2

Cited by 89 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To our knowledge the only difference between male and female preterm infants of similar gestational age and birth weight that has been documented in recent years concerns a delay in lung maturation in boys [12,18,29]. Our findings in the present study population were consistent with these reports: the crude rates of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) were higher in boys than in girls (51.0 and 41.6% respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The male disadvantage in very low birthweight infants: Does it really exist?

Verloove-Vanhorick

Verwey

et al. 1989

Eur J Pediatr

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In a nationwide collaborative study in the Netherlands, perinatal and follow up data were collected on 1338 liveborn very preterm (less than 32 weeks) and/or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (less than 1500 g). In this group, the mortality risk was similar for both male and female infants. The handicap risk, however, was significantly greater for boys than for girls. This finding could not be explained as being due to the well-known delay in lung maturation in male infants as in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and need of assisted ventilation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The male disadvantage in very low birthweight infants: Does it really exist?

Verloove-Vanhorick

Verwey

et al. 1989

Eur J Pediatr

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“…A diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease was made in preterm infants with early-onset respiratory distress associated with the characteristic chest radiograph of uniform reticulogranular pattern and air bronchograms. 8 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was diagnosed based on Bell's criteria. 9 Chronic lung disease was defined as persistence of oxygen dependency at a postconceptional age of 36 weeks, with chest radiographs showing cystic areas and strands of opacity.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-control study of risk factors associated with rectal colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing sp. in newborn infants

Lim

2005

Journal of Hospital Infection

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“…These lipids are important in the formation of the monolayer on the alveolar-air interface, and PG is important in the spreadability over a large surface area. Phosphatidylethanolamine [3][4][5] There are four specific surfactant proteins which comprise 2-5% of the weight of surfactant.9'0 The most studied surfactant protein is SP-A which is expressed in alveolar type II epithelial cells and Clara cells in the lung. "-13…”

Section: Biology Of Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant replacement therapy.

Kresch¹,

Lin²,

Thrall³

1996

Thorax

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In 1959 Avery and Mead discovered that the lungs of infants who died of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were deficient in surfactant.1 Surfactant reduces surface tension and stabilises alveoli at low lung volumes and may act as an "anti-stick" or lubricant allowing the alveolar walls to remain open.2" HMD is characterised by progressive atelectasis and respiratory failure in premature infants and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period.56 Numerous studies of the development of the pulmonary surfactant system have led to the clinical use of phospholipid composition ofhuman amniotic fluid to predict lung maturity and to the use of antenatal hormones to accelerate lung maturation. Recently, this research has culminated in successful attempts to treat HMD in premature infants with surfactant replacement therapy (SRT).We will begin this article with a brief review of the pulmonary surfactant system and the various types ofsurfactants used in replacement therapy. This will be followed by a review of the animal and clinical studies investigating SRT 10-15% protein.278 The major phospholipid in surfactant is phosphatidylcholine of which approximately 70-75% is present as dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major surface active component in surfactant. The second most abundant phospholipid is phosphatidylglycerol (PG) which comprises 7-10% of total surfactant. These lipids are important in the formation of the monolayer on the alveolar-air interface, and PG is important in the spreadability over a large surface area. (Curosurf) has been used in Europe. In addition to containing the phospholipids of surfactant, these modified natural surfactants also contain the hydrophobic surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C, but they do not contain the hydrophilic proteins, SP-A and SP-D. Synthetic surfactants have been designed and one preparation contains surface active phospholipids as well as agents which improve spreadability and stability of the preparation. The first synthetic surfactant preparation that was approved for use by the FDA in 1990 was Exosurf which contains DPPC, PG, and the stabilisers tyloxapol and hexadecanol. Another synthetic surfactant that has been used in both animal research and clinical trials is called artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC) which is a mixture of DPPC and phosphatidylglycerol in a ratio of 7:3 by weight.65 The synthetic preparations do not contain the surfactant proteins. There are efforts currently underway, however, to develop engineered surfactants which contain synthetic phospholipids and recombinantly synthesised human surfactant proteins. The advantages of these surfactants are that they would not be from animal sources and they would contain the human surfactant proteins which may have important physiological roles in the function and metabolism of exogenously administered surfactant without the potential for antigenic stimulation of proteins derived from animal sources.Animal studies of surfactant replacement therapy Studies of SRT in anima...

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Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Cited by 89 publications

References 45 publications

The male disadvantage in very low birthweight infants: Does it really exist?

The male disadvantage in very low birthweight infants: Does it really exist?

A case-control study of risk factors associated with rectal colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing sp. in newborn infants

Surfactant replacement therapy.

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