Respiratory Distress in the Preterm Infant

Pulmonary hemorrhage in very low‐birthweight infants: Risk factors and management

“…In the present study, severe RDS and use of surfactants were significantly more prevalent in the MPH group ( P = 0.004, 0.001, respectively). Higher prevalence of severe RDS (grades 3 or 4) in the MPH group may be considered an extreme form of high permeability pulmonary edema in which congested capillaries cause the hemorrhage 16 . Due to the small GA, low BW and low Apgar scores of these infants, RDS was always severe and it was very difficult to avoid surfactant therapy.…”

Molecular evidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum colonization in preterm infants during respiratory distress syndrome

“…RDS was defined by the presence of 2 or more of the following criteria: evidence of respiratory compromise shortly after delivery (tachypnea, intercostal retractions, expiratory grunting) [2], and a persistent oxygen requirement for more than 24 hours (F i O 2 > 0.4), administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant, and/or radiographic evidence of hyaline membrane disease [1,2,14]. Chest radiographs were obtained as part of routine clinical care, and their interpretation was performed by a single radiologist, who was unaware of the clinical data and culture results.…”

“…RDS is often associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular haemorrhage and chronic lung diseases which could complicate RDS [1,2]. Among the infectious agents that colonise or infect the genital and the lower urinary tract [3,4], Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis have been linked to the development of chronic lung diseases (CLD) [5,6] or brochopulmonary dysplasia [7,8], while their role in the pathogenesis of RDS remains controversial.…”

Effects of Nebulized Albuterol in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn A Clinical Trial

“…Sodium is initially transferred through a concentration gradient by sodium-potassium pumping passively into the cells of alveolar lumen and in the next step is actively transmitted into the interstitial space by amiloride sensitive epithelial sodium channel. After that, sodium and fluid are cleaned through the lymph system and blood vessels (1)(2)(3)(4). Hormonal changes associated with vaginal delivery, especially increased endogenous catecholamines and steroids, seem to increase ENAC activity, and reduce the incidence of TTN (9).…”

“…Among all hospitalized infants due to respiratory distress, especially those admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, one third are finally detected with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) (1,2). Natural respiratory distress caused by TTN is usually resolved during 48 -72 hours after birth, but it may last up to 5 days.…”