Respiratory Diseases of Gallinaceous Birds

Wigle, William L.

doi:10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30079-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…However, the intermittent presentation of these signs, as seen in our case, is not commonly observed in avian species. This clinical presentation is nonspecific and can be found in any heart disease that leads to congestive failure, as well as infectious and non-infectious respiratory diseases of the paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, lungs, and air sacs (8,25,28). Furthermore, as seen in our case, sudden death has been reported in a Rio Grande wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia), a harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), and in broiler chickens presenting DCM (1,10,17,26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Dilated cardiomyopathy in a green-winged saltator (Saltator similis)

Duarte,

Santos,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

BJVP

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Cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported in birds. Among pet birds, they are most documented in psittacine birds. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease frequently found in poultry but with few reports in both pet and wild birds. An elderly male green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) died suddenly after presenting intermittent clinical signs of dyspnea, weakness, and vocalization changes. A general increase in cardiac size with a bulging apex was observed at necropsy. The heart exhibited an enlarged left ventricular space and flaccid musculature on the cut section. The liver was diffusely enlarged with rounded edges. No other gross lesions were observed. Samples were collected in 10% formalin and routinely processed. Histologically, bundles of myocardial fibers were irregularly arranged, with markedly elongated myofibrils and irregular cell contours. Additionally, multifocal areas of disruption were observed between the myofibrils. Diffuse hepatic congestion of sinusoids and portal veins was observed, and diffuse edema in the interstitium and para bronchi was present in the lungs. The clinical signs observed were nonspecific and can be found in several diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of birds. The gross and histological findings are compatible with what has been described for dilated cardiomyopathy in birds; however, left ventricular dilatation is uncommon in avian patients. Heart diseases in pet birds are still underdiagnosed, and reports of cardiomyopathies are limited to psittacine birds. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a dilated cardiomyopathy in a passerine bird.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Dilated cardiomyopathy in a green-winged saltator (Saltator similis)

Duarte,

Santos,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

BJVP

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“…Mycoplasmosis is common in house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) in the Eastern half of North America, in gallinaceous birds, and in pigeons 12–14 . In these birds, mycoplasmosis can present with a unilateral or bilateral conjunctivitis, but it is often accompanied by distension of the infraorbital sinus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitozoon helleminfection as the cause of a unilateral chronic keratoconjunctivitis in an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba)

Phalen

Logan²,

Snowden³

2006

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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An umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) was presented with a keratoconjunctivitis of 9 months' duration that was refractory to antibacterial and antifungal treatments. Microsporidian-type spores were observed in calcofluor M2R-stained cytological preparations of debrided corneal epithelium. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of a conjunctival biopsy also showed a small number of intracellular parasites. Microsporidial DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in DNA extracted from the remaining biopsy material. Sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene identified the microsporidium as Encephalitozoon hellem. The cockatoo was treated with oral albendazole for 3 months with resolution of the signs, and then again for 4 months when the signs returned. Since then, the bird has remained healthy for 2 years. This is the second report of a microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a bird, and the first report of an E. hellem infection in a cockatoo. Ophthalmologists should consider E. hellem as a possible cause of a keratoconjunctivitis in parrots that is refractory to treatment with traditional antimicrobials.

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“…However, this ratio is not directly related across species, indications, or pathogen, nor has it been determined for macrolides (Toutain and Lees, 2004). Until the PK/PD relationship of tylosin in chickens is better defined, clinical efficacy from well controlled and clinical designed studies should be used to establish the dose (Wigle, 2000;Löhren et al, 2008). Secondly, we believe that the decrease in plasma concentrations shown in Figure 1 of the paper is due to feeding behavior, not an inherent, physiologically dependent circadian rhythm.…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%