Respiratory Coronavirus Infections in Children

Sizun, Jacques; Gagneur, Arnaud; Legrand, Catherine; Baron, M. Raoul

doi:10.1097/00006454-200105000-00026

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…34 Molecular typing might establish mechanisms of transmission and leading to the development of more appropriate infection control measures, 33 noting the limitations of this procedure. 35 HCoV isolation in both neonates and staff suggests the possibility of patient±staff or staff± patient transmission. HCoV are able to survive in aerosol particles, in suspension and after drying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study

Gagneur¹,

Sizun²,

Vallet³

et al. 2002

Journal of Hospital Infection

112

109

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The incidence of nosocomial viral respiratory infections (NVRI) in neonates and children hospitalized in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units (PNICU) is unknown. Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been implicated in NVRI in hospitalized preterm neonates. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of HCoV-related NVRI in neonates and children hospitalized in a PNICU and the prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in staff. All neonates (age< or =28 days) and children (age>28 days) hospitalized between November 1997 and April 1998 were included. Nasal samples were obtained by cytological brush at admission and weekly thereafter. Nasal samples were taken monthly from staff. Virological studies were performed, using indirect immunofluorescence, for HCoV strains 229E and OC43, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus types A and B, paramyxoviruses types 1, 2 and 3 and adenovirus. A total of 120 patients were enrolled (64 neonates and 56 children). Twenty-two samples from 20 patients were positive (incidence 16.7%). In neonates, seven positive samples, all for HCoV, were detected (incidence 11%). Risk factors for NVRI in neonates were: duration of hospitalization, antibiotic treatment and duration of parenteral nutrition (P<0.01). Monthly prevalence of viral infections in staff was between 0% and 10.5%, mainly with HCoV. In children, 15 samples were positive in 13 children at admission (seven RSV, five influenza and three adenovirus) but no NVRI were observed. In spite of a high rate of community-acquired infection in hospitalized children, the incidence of NVRI with common respiratory viruses appears low in neonates, HCoV being the most important pathogen of NRVI in neonates during this study period. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact on pulmonary function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study

Gagneur¹,

Sizun²,

Vallet³

et al. 2002

Journal of Hospital Infection

112

109

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“…Despite a sizable historical role in the common cold [32] the HCoVs are also found in patients with more severe cases of ARI [26,33,34,35] including LRTI and pneumonia in adults and the elderly [9,36,37]. HCoVs are also found in cases of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in susceptible individuals [38,39] and nosocomial respiratory viral infections [40,41,42]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004

Mackay

Arden

Speicher

et al. 2012

Viruses

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Acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) with unconfirmed infectious aetiologies peak at different times of the year. Molecular diagnostic assays reduce the number of unconfirmed ARIs compared to serology- or culture-based techniques. Screening of 888 inpatient and outpatient respiratory specimens spanning late autumn through to early spring, 2004, identified the presence of a human coronavirus (HCoV) on 74 occasions (8.3% of all specimens and 26.3% of all respiratory virus detections). Prevalence peaked in August (late winter in the southern hemisphere) when they were detected in 21.9% of specimens tested. HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 comprised 82.4% of all HCoVs detected. Positive specimens were used to develop novel reverse transcriptase real-time PCRs (RT-rtPCRs) for HCoV detection. An objective clinical severity score was assigned to each positive HCoV patient. Severity scores were similar to those from a random selection of young children who were positive for respiratory syncytial virus at a different time but from the same specimen population. During the cooler months of 2004, sensitive and specific RT-rtPCRs identified the concurrent circulation of all four HCoVs, a quarter of which co-occurred with another virus and most of which were from children under the age of two years.

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“…A novel human Coronavirus (HCoV) was this year identified as causative agent of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS CoV) [1]. Two others HCoV have been known for 30 years (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) [2] and only recently has HCoV-229E been recognized as an important cause of NRVI in high-risk infants [3,4]. We reported previously a high incidence of HCoV among NRVI in hospitalized preterm neonates concomitant with HCoV isolation from staff members of a Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of human Coronavirus 229E in nasal specimens in large scale studies using an RT-PCR hybridization assay

Vallet

Gagneur

Talbot

et al. 2004

Molecular and Cellular Probes

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A novel human Coronavirus (HCoV) was this year recognized as the etiological agent of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Two other HCoV (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) have been known for 30 years. HCoV-229E has been recently involved in nosocomial respiratory viral infections in high-risk children. However, their diagnosis is not routinely performed. Currently, reliable immunofluorescence and cell culture methodologies are not available. As part of a four-year epidemiological study in a Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive care unit, we have performed and demonstrated the reliability of a reverse transcription-PCR-hybridization assay to detect HCoV of the 229E antigenic group in 2028 clinical respiratory specimens. In hospitalized children (children and newborns) and staff members we found a high incidence of HcoV-229E infection. This reverse transcription-PCR-hybridization assay gave a high specificity and a sensitivity of 0.5 50% Tissue Culture Infective Dose per ml. This technique is reliable and its application for screening large number of clinical samples would improve the diagnosis of HCoVs respiratory infection and our knowledge of these viruses epidemiology.

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Respiratory Coronavirus Infections in Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study

Coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study

Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004

Detection of human Coronavirus 229E in nasal specimens in large scale studies using an RT-PCR hybridization assay

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