Respiratory consequences of red sludge dust inhalation in rats

Czövek, Dorottya; Novàk, Zoltán; Somlai, Csaba; Asztalos, T.; Tiszlavicz, László; Bozóki, Zoltán; Ajtai, Tibor; Utry, Noémi; Filep, Ágnes; Bari, Ferenc; Peták, Ferenc

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.006

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These measurement results caused serious concerns because the aerosols re-suspended from red sludge sediment were thought to pose high risk to human health. Several measurement campaigns were performed in the area in order to assess the level of potential health and environmental hazard (Gelencsér et al, 2011;Ruyters et al, 2011;Czövek et al, 2012). These works are mainly focused on the quantitative characterization of chemical feature and health hazard based on the off-line sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Spectrum of Ambient Aerosol and Its Correlation with Size Distribution in Specific Atmospheric Conditions after a Red Mud Accident

Filep

Ajtai

Utry

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Approximately one month after a red sludge industrial accident, a high concentration of atmospheric aerosol was reported in the affected area. This increased aerosol load originated mainly from the fugitive dust emitted from the red sludge sediment, representing a serious threat to public health. In a study presented here, a recently developed four-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer (4λ-PAS), which simultaneously measures optical aerosol absorption in the near infrared, visible and ultra-violet spectral ranges with high temporal resolution, was operated in the centre of the sludge hit area. Based on the results of the photoacoustic absorption measurements of temporal changes in light absorption and their correlations with other aerosol variables, including size distribution, were carried out in special atmospheric conditions (including with the presence of "atypical" red mud particles). Correlations between segregated absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) and specific size ranges were tabulated, and the resulting data were used to draw conclusions about the reasons for the temporal changes to the measured quantities. The absorption behavior of red mud particles was determined in UV, VIS, and near IR spectral regions under laboratory conditions. The absorption spectrum of red mud aerosol was found to be atypical (i.e., it did not follow a power law), and this was used as a selective parameter for its identification in ambient bulk. Each measurement day, at around noon, dust from the red sludge sediment was identified; while during the rest of the day atmospheric aerosol composition was dominated by carbonaceous aerosols, originating most probably from home heating and/or from traffic. In-situ number concentration and size distribution measurements confirm this interpretation of the measurements obtained with 4λ-PAS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Spectrum of Ambient Aerosol and Its Correlation with Size Distribution in Specific Atmospheric Conditions after a Red Mud Accident

Filep

Ajtai

Utry

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…While the creation of new contaminated sites is constrained by regulation, a very large number of sites exist with historical contamination that may present unacceptable risks and these sites require management. One example is the environmental disaster following flooding by red sludge in the Ajka region in Hungary [30]. However, the research and political arena regarding land contamination no longer consider only a few incidents that lead to severe soil contamination, but rather look at it as a wide spread environmental problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated Sites in Europe: Review of the Current Situation Based on Data Collected through a European Network

Panagos

Liedekerke²,

Yiğini³

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

445

214

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Under the European Union (EU) Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, the European Commission has identified soil contamination as a priority for the collection of policy-relevant soil data at European scale. In order to support EU soil management policies, soil-related indicators need to be developed which requires appropriate data collection and establishment of harmonized datasets for the EU Member States. In 2011-12, the European Soil Data Centre of the European Commission conducted a project to collect data on contaminated sites from national institutions in Europe using the European Environment Information and Observation Network for soil (EIONET-SOIL). This paper presents the results obtained from analysing the soil contaminated sites data submitted by participating countries. According to the received data, the number of estimated potential contaminated sites is more than 2.5 million and the identified contaminated sites around 342 thousand. Municipal and industrial wastes contribute most to soil contamination (38%), followed by the industrial/commercial sector (34%). Mineral oil and heavy metals are the main contaminants contributing around 60% to soil contamination. In terms of budget, the management of contaminated sites is estimated to cost around 6 billion Euros (€) annually.

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“…Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to carbonaceous particulate matter (CPM) can lead to the development of pulmonary malfunctions, respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular diseases and increased hospital admission (Dockery et al, 1993;Schwartz et al, 1994;Pope et al, 2002, Czövek et al, 2012Longhin et al, 2016;Landkocz et al, 2017). Diesel engine exhaust has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) by the World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (IARC, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties, Chemical Composition and the Toxicological Potential of Urban Particulate Matter

Pintér

Utry

Ajtai

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This paper discusses the diurnal variation and the interdependences between the physical, chemical and toxicological characteristics of atmospheric carbonaceous particulate matter (CPM) and co-emitted gaseous components. Measurements were carried out at two different urban sites during a 2-month period. On-line measured parameters were optical absorption coefficients (OAC), total number concentration (TNC), mass concentration of CPM and the concentration of gaseous species (CO, NO x and BTEX). Off-line analyses were carried out on filters collected with 6-hour time resolution. The concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), levoglucosan (LG) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined. The ecotoxicity of CPM was assessed by the Vibrio Fischeri marine bioluminescence inhibition bioassay (ISO 21338:2010). We found (r > 0.498) positive and wavelength dependent correlation between the CPM related parameters based on optical response (OAC, AAE) and thermal stability (TC, EC, OC, OC/TC). We also revealed weak (r = 0.309) or moderate (r = 0.448) correlation between the AAE and the ecotoxicity data indicating that carbonaceous fraction of the ambient particulate matter has ecotoxicological impact. Based on the determined correlations, we propose the applicability of the AAE determined by multi wavelength photoacoustic measurements as a possible candidate for first-screening the toxicological impact of optically active carbonaceous ambient particulate matter. The strengths and the limitations of this methodology are both discussed here.

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Respiratory consequences of red sludge dust inhalation in rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Absorption Spectrum of Ambient Aerosol and Its Correlation with Size Distribution in Specific Atmospheric Conditions after a Red Mud Accident

Absorption Spectrum of Ambient Aerosol and Its Correlation with Size Distribution in Specific Atmospheric Conditions after a Red Mud Accident

Contaminated Sites in Europe: Review of the Current Situation Based on Data Collected through a European Network

Optical Properties, Chemical Composition and the Toxicological Potential of Urban Particulate Matter

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