Respiratory and Cardiovascular Response during Electronic Control Device Exposure in Law Enforcement Trainees

Abstract

Objective: Law enforcement represents a large population of workers who may be exposed to electronic control devices (ECDs). Little is known about the potential effect of exposure to these devices on respiration or cardiovascular response during current discharge.Methods: Participants (N = 23) were trainees exposed to 5 s of an ECD (Taser X26®) as a component of training. Trainees were asked to volitionally inhale during exposure. Respiratory recordings involved a continuous waveform recorded throughout the session including during the exposure period. Heart rate was calculated from a continuous pulse oximetry recording.Results: The exposure period resulted in the cessation of normal breathing patterns in all participants and in particular a decrease in inspiratory activity. No significant changes in heart rate during ECD exposure were found.Conclusion: This is the first study to examine breathing patterns during ECD exposure with the resolution to detect changes over this discrete period of time. In contrast to reports suggesting respiration is unaffected by ECDs, present evidence suggests that voluntary inspiration is severely compromised. There is no evidence of cardiac disruption during ECD exposure.

Elektroschockdistanzwaffen Taser® X2 und T7

“…Durch die körperliche Beanspruchung während einer CEW-Exposition kommt es indirekt zu einem reaktiven Anstieg der Herzfrequenz [33,34] und zu einer Verminderung des systolischen und diastolischen Drucks [35,36]…”

“…Die Wirkung einer CEWinduzierten allgemeinen Muskelkontraktion ist somit vergleichbar mit einer mittel-bis höhergradigen körperlichen Anstrengung kombiniert mit einer allgemeinen Stressreaktion [42]. Während einer CEW-Exposition kommt es zu einem primär stressbedingten Anstieg von Katecholaminen und Glukokortikoiden [33,43] sowie zu einem primär physisch reaktiv bedingten verminderten pH-Wert [28,33,34] bei gleichzeitig erhöhtem Laktat [33,44,45] und erhöhter Kreatinkinase [46]. Diese Veränderungen wurden in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur als klinisch nicht relevante, zu…”

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“…Potential effects of repeated interruption of normal breathing (even when interspersed with periods of no applications of CEWs) have not been elucidated. VanMeenen et al (172) suggested that a forced breath hold of 30 sec could have major clinical consequences in patients with even moderate respiratory impairment.…”

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