Respiratory allergy caused by house dust mites: What do we really know?

Abstract

The house dust mite (HDM) is a major perennial allergen source and a significant cause of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, awareness of the condition remains generally low. This review assesses the links between exposure to HDM, development of the allergic response, and pathologic consequences in patients with respiratory allergic diseases. We investigate the epidemiology of HDM allergy to explore the interaction between mites and human subjects at the population, individual, and molecular levels. Core and recent publications were identified by using "house dust mite" as a key search term to evaluate the current knowledge of HDM epidemiology and pathophysiology. Prevalence data for HDM allergen sensitization vary from 65 to 130 million persons in the general population worldwide to as many as 50% among asthmatic patients. Heterogeneity of populations, terminology, and end points in the literature confound estimates, indicating the need for greater standardization in epidemiologic research. Exposure to allergens depends on multiple ecological strata, including climate and mite microhabitats within the domestic environment, with the latter providing opportunity for intervention measures to reduce allergen load. Inhaled mite aeroallergens are unusually virulent: they are able to activate both the adaptive and innate immune responses, potentially offering new avenues for intervention. The role of HDM allergens is crucial in the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but the translation of silent sensitization into symptomatic disease is still incompletely understood. Improved understanding of HDMs, their allergens, and their microhabitats will enable development of more effective outcomes for patients with HDM allergy.

Semicontinuous Measurement of Mite Allergen (Der f 2) Using a Surface Acoustic Wave Immunosensor under Moderate pH for Long Sensor Lifetime

“…Coarse extraction solutions of another mite allergen from Der p 1 and ragweed-pollen allergen (Amb a 1) were from ITEA. A cross-linker, PEGylated bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate [BS(PEG) 5 ], was from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Orla IgGBinder-G kit, including a mixed solution of protein G-fused Orla protein (ORLA85 protein) and 11-mercaptoundec-11-ylhexaethylene glycol (HS-C11-EG6, PEG-thiol), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), and Tris-HCl buffer solution (50 mM, pH 7.5), was from Orla Protein Technologies.…”

“…To bind cAb to ORLA85, 100 mg/mL cAb in a buffer solution at an optimum pH was applied and left for 10 min. After removing excess and unbound cAb, a cross-linker, 0.5 mM BS(PEG) 5 in PBS-T, was applied and left for 10 min to cross-link the cAb and protein G through a reaction of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups with lysine and N-terminal amino groups. Finally, 100 mM HCl and PBS-T were successively added to remove non-cross-linked cAb from the surface.…”

“…In particular, IgEmediated type I allergic disease that is accompanied by asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are caused by environmental factors. (1,2) House dust mites (HDM) are one of the major factors of type I allergy development, (3)(4)(5)(6) and unlike pollens, the risk of experiencing HDM allergens increases indoors because these mites multiply and are found in household items such as bedding, mattresses, and sofas. (7) The most relevant HDM allergens are group 1 and group 2 of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 1 and Der f 2) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1 and Der p 2).…”

Generation and purification of monoclonal antibodies against Der f 2, a major allergen from <i>Dermatophagoides farinae </i>

“…Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) (65.3%) and Dermatophagoides farina (D. farina) (20.6%) are two of the most common groups of dust in the household environment (5,6). Currently, there are nearly 30 kinds of allergenic components in HDM that have been cloned and identified (7). Approximately 80% to 100% of HDM allergic patients respond to group 1 and group 2 allergens (8).…”

Revisão Sistemática Sobre Modelos Experimentais De Asma Aguda E Crônica Induzidos Com Extrato De Ácaro Da Poeira Doméstica

“…House duste mite (HDM) é um pequeno artrópode microscópico presente no habitat humano, considerado o principal desencadeante de asma alérgica 6 . O HDM penetra no epitélio da via aérea, estimulando a migração de células dendríticas para os linfonodos 7 .…”