Respirator protection factors: part II — protection factors of supplied-air respirators

Hack, A.L.; Bradley, O.D.; Trujillo, A.

doi:10.1080/15298668091424915

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The LANL and NIOSH used face length and face width as parameters in constructing the bivariate RFTP [1,12]. To determine the limits of the bivariate panel, the upper limit was calculated using mean of males plus two standard deviations (SDs), and the lower limit was calculated using the mean of females minus two SDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Lim,

Soelar,

Shakor¹

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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Background The existing respiratory fit test panels (RFTPs) are based on Bivariate and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which utilise American and Chinese head and facial dimensions. As RFTPs based on local facial anthropometric data for Malaysia are not available, this study was conducted with the aim to develop new RFTPs using Malaysian data. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted across Malaysia among 3,324 participants of the study of National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020 aged 18 and above. Ten head and facial dimensions were measured. Face length and face width were used to construct bivariate facial panel, whereas the scores from the first two PCA were used to develop the PCA panel. Results This study showed that Malaysians have the widest upper limit for facial width. It also found that three factors could be reduced from the PCA analysis. However only 2 factors were selected with PCA 1 representing head and facial size and PCA 2 representing facial shape. Our bivariate panel could accommodate 95.0% of population, while our PCA panel accommodated 95.6%. Conclusion This was the first study to use Malaysian head and facial anthropometry data to create bivariate and PCA panels. Respirators constructed using these panels are likely to fit ≥ 95.0% of Malaysia’s population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Lim,

Soelar,

Shakor¹

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The LANL and NIOSH used face length and face width as parameters in constructing the bivariate RFTP (1,13). To determine the limits of the bivariate panel, the upper limit was calculated using mean of males plus two standard deviations (SDs), and the lower limit was calculated using the mean of females minus two SDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Fits Test Panel Representing Population of Malaysia

Lim

Soelar

Shakor

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: The existing respiratory fits test panels (RFTPs) are based on Bivariate and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which utilise American and Chinese head and facial dimensions. As RFTPs based on local facial anthropometric data for Malaysia are not available, this study was conducted with the aim to develop new RFTPs using Malaysian data. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted across Malaysia among 3,324 participants of the study of National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020 aged 18 and above. Ten head and facial dimensions were measured. Face length and face width were used to construct bivariate facial panel, whereas the scores from the first two PCA were used to develop the PCA panel. Results: This study showed that Malaysians have the widest upper limit for facial width. It also found that two factors could be reduced from the PCA analysis, with PCA 1 representing head and facial size and PCA 2 representing facial shape. Our bivariate panel could accommodate 94.1% of population, while our PCA panel accommodated 95.5%. Conclusion: This was the first study to use Malaysian head and facial anthropometry data to create bivariate and PCA panels. Respirators constructed using these panels are likely to fit > 94% of Malaysia's population.

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“…The respirator fit test panel (RFTP) is typically used as a matrix for selection of candidates to serve as the representative test subjects in this process (7). In the late 1960s, the Respirator Research and Development Section of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) developed RFTPs for fit testing based on head and facial anthropometrics of personnel serving in the United States' Air Force (8). The full facepiece fit test panel was based on the bivariate distribution of face length and face width while the half facepiece fit test panel was based on the bivariate distribution of the face length and lip length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia

Lim

Shakor

Mohamad

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundExisting anthropometric studies for respirator designs are based on the head and facial dimensions of Americans and Chinese nationals, with no studies for multi-ethnic countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to create head and facial morphological database for Malaysia, specifically to identify morphological differences between genders, ethnicities, and birthplaces, as well as predictors of the dimensions.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMalaysia.ParticipantsA nation-wide cross-sectional study using a complex survey design with two stage-stratified random sampling was conducted among 3,324 participants, aged 18 years and above who were also participants of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020.Primary and secondary outcomesThe study collected data on sociodemographic, measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and 10 head and facial dimensions (3 dimensions were measured using direct measurement, and 7 others using Digimizer software for 2-dimension images). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between gender, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI and the dimensions.ResultsThere were significant differences in all the dimensions between sex, birthplace and ethnicity (p < 0.005). Further analysis using linear regression showed sex, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI were significant predictors of the dimensions. In comparison to studies from the United States and China, our study population had a wider interpupillary distance and nose breadth for both male and female participants, but smaller bigonial breadth and smaller minimal frontal breadth.ConclusionThese findings could assist in the design and sizing of respirators that will fit Malaysians and possibly other Southeast Asian population.

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Respirator protection factors: part II — protection factors of supplied-air respirators

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia

Respiratory Fits Test Panel Representing Population of Malaysia

Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia

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