Respiration of Orchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965) and Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands Islands, Antarctic)

Rakusa-Suszczewski, S.; Lach, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00047639

Hydrobiologia

1991

DOI: 10.1007/bf00047639

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Respiration of Orchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965) and Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands Islands, Antarctic)

S. Rakusa-Suszczewski¹,

A. Lach²

Abstract: Metabolism of Orchomene plebs from Admirably Bay is higher than that of Waldeckia obesa, and similar to that of P. plebs from McMurdo Sound. The range of variation in respiration is highest below freezing which means that these are optimum temperatures for the Amphipoda species under study.

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Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers

Seefeldt¹,

Campana²,

Deregibus³

et al. 2017

Front Zool

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BackgroundScavenger guilds are composed of a variety of species, co-existing in the same habitat and sharing the same niche in the food web. Niche partitioning among them can manifest in different feeding strategies, e.g. during carcass feeding. In the bentho-pelagic realm of the Southern Ocean, scavenging amphipods (Lysianassoidea) are ubiquitous and occupy a central role in decomposition processes. Here we address the question whether scavenging lysianassoid amphipods employ different feeding strategies during carcass feeding, and whether synergistic feeding activities may influence carcass decomposition. To this end, we compared the relatively large species Waldeckia obesa with the small species Cheirimedon femoratus, Hippomedon kergueleni, and Orchomenella rotundifrons during fish carcass feeding (Notothenia spp.). The experimental approach combined ex situ feeding experiments, behavioural observations, and scanning electron microscopic analyses of mandibles. Furthermore, we aimed to detect ecological drivers for distribution patterns of scavenging amphipods in the Antarctic coastal ecosystems of Potter Cove. In Potter Cove, the climate-driven rapid retreat of the Fourcade Glacier is causing various environmental changes including the provision of new marine habitats to colonise. While in the newly ice-free areas fish are rare, macroalgae have already colonised hard substrates. Assuming that a temporal dietary switch may increase the colonisation success of the most abundant lysianassoids C. femoratus and H. kergueleni, we aimed to determine their consumption rates (g food x g amphipods−1 x day−1) and preferences of macroalgae and fish.ResultsWe detected two functional groups with different feeding strategies among scavenging amphipods during carcass feeding: carcass ‘opener’ and ‘squeezer’. Synergistic effects between these groups were not statistically verified under the conditions tested. C. femoratus switched its diet when fish was not available by consuming macroalgae (about 0.2 day−1) but preferred fish by feeding up to 80% of its own mass daily. Contrary, H. kergueleni rejected macroalgae entirely and consumed fish with a maximal rate of 0.8 day−1.ConclusionThis study reveals functional groups in scavenging shallow-water amphipods and provides new information on coastal intraguild niche partitioning. We conclude that the dietary flexibility of C. femoratus is a potential ecological driver and central to its success in the colonisation of newly available ice-free Antarctic coastal habitats.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0248-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers

Seefeldt¹,

Campana²,

Deregibus³

et al. 2017

Front Zool

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Estudo do metabolismo de rotina e excreção de amônia do antípoda antártico Waldeclàa obesa em duas temperaturas distintas

Gomes

Phan

Passos

1995

Bol. Inst. Oceanogr.

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Realizaram-se estimativas, a 0ºC e a 3ºC, do consumo médio e específico de oxigênio e da excreção média e específica de amónia de anfípodas antárticos da espécie Waldeckia obesa, coletados na Baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Antártica. Os experimentos foram realizados na Estação Antártica Brasileira "Comandante Ferraz" e no Laboratório de Ecologia Polar do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram empregados animais entre 120 mg a 620 mg e entre 40 mg e 690 mg de peso úmido, nos experimentos a 0ºC e a 3ºC, respectivamente. Dentro dessas faixas de peso, o consumo médio de oxigênio, a 0ºC, variou de 2,22µl/h a 10,81µl/h e o específico de 0,011µl/mg/h a 0,018µl/mg/h. A 3ºC, o consumo médio de oxigênio variou de 1,83µl/h a 14,19µl/h e o específico de 0,033µl/mg/h a 0,022µl/mg/h. O Q10, calculado a partir das médias das classes, foi de 6,95. Por sua vez, a excreção média de amónia, a 0ºC, variou de 13,84 ng.at/h a 55,34 ng.at/h e a específica entre 0,090 ng.at/mg/h a 0,042 ng.at/mg/h. A 3ºC, a excreção média de amónia variou de 5,11 ng.at/h a 38,33 ng.at/h e a específica de 0,088 ng.at/mg/h a 0,059 ng.at/mg/h. A relação 0:N indica que uma mistura de proteínas e lipídios é utilizada como substrato para o catabolismo. A 3ºC, entretanto, há uma tendência a aumentar a contribuição dos lipídios nesse substrato. O consumo de oxigênio de Waldeckia obesa é bastante baixo estando de acordo com os valores encontrados, a 0ºC, por outros autores. Esses dados, juntamente com resultados recentes encontrados na literatura, indicam a fragilidade da hipótese de "adaptação metabólica ao frio", que supõe terem os animais marinhos ectotérmicos antárticos taxas metabólicas elevadas, como resposta adaptativa às baixas temperaturas. Os dados de consumo de oxigênio e excreção de amónia fornecem material básico para extrapolação a parâmetros populacionais, fornecendo subsídios para a avaliação do papel ecológico desses animais no ecossistema em que vivem.

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Respiration of Orchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965) and Waldeckia obesa (Chevreux, 1905) from Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands Islands, Antarctic)

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers

Different feeding strategies in Antarctic scavenging amphipods and their implications for colonisation success in times of retreating glaciers

Estudo do metabolismo de rotina e excreção de amônia do antípoda antártico Waldeclàa obesa em duas temperaturas distintas

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