Respiration and Related Metabolic Activity in Wounded and Infected Tissues

Uritani, Ikuzô; Asahi, Tadashi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-675402-5.50017-9

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Moreover, it was postulated that as in animal cells [21], redox changes regulate the expression of plant stress response genes [20,25]. Since the GAPDH activity is inhibited by H202 [51], we can speculate on at least two hypothesis to explain why transcriptional induction of GapC, could be of biological significance during biotic stress of plants, (1)if H202 is also accumulated in biologically stressed potato leaves, it might cause the inactivation of GAPDH activity and, therefore, an increase in its transcription rate must be necessary to supply more GAPDH enzyme for maintaining the level of glycolysis, and (2) during infection of both plants and animals, an increase of respiration rate occurs [45,50,35]. This phenomenon could be accompanied by the induction of genes involved in glycolytic pathway (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these heat shock elements could be acting in the induction of gene expression during virus infection and chemical treatment of plants [38,16]. During infection of plants, the increase of respiration rate has been described [50]. All of the enzymes involved in glycolysis are implicated as members of the pathway that produces substrates for mitochondrial oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

et al. 1996

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Plants respond to pathogen infection and environmental stress by regulating the coordinate expression of many stress-related genes. In plants, the expression of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is induced under environmental stress. This work was aimed at investigating whither the expression pattern of cytosolic GAPDH is also modulated upon infection of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) with the late blight fungal agent Phytophthora infestans. Northern blot analysis showed the accumulation of the GAPDH gene transcripts in leaves and stems of inoculated potato plants. When tuber discs were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an elicitor found in P. infestans, GAPDH gene transcripts level increased. The increase was parallel to that of the hydroxymethyl glutharyl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), an enzyme involved in pathogen defense reactions. Glucans obtained from P. infestans cell wall acts synergistically with EPA on GAPDH and HMGR gene induction. Salicylic acid, an endogenous signal for inducing systemic acquired resistance, was also effective in stimulating the GAPDH transcript accumulation in potato leaves. These experiments suggest that related multi-component factors, which are part of both primary and secondary metabolism, are probably regulated by similar signal transduction pathways when they are induced under biotic or abiotic stress conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

et al. 1996

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“…This was accompanied by large increases in fungal biomass and nodule weight (Table I). When the fungal endophyte proliferates to such an extent, it may become a significant carbohydrate sink (6) because of its high rate of specific respiration (19) and the infection respiration of associated host tissue (30). Thus, within the concept of the two opposing processes (21) stimulation due to enhanced P uptake no longer occurred, whereas competition for carbohydrates determined host growth response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Nitrogen Fixation, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Host-Plant Growth in the Phaseolus-Rhizobium-Glomus Symbiosis

Bethlenfalvay¹,

Pacovsky²,

Bayne³

et al. 1982

Plant Physiol.

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Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Dwarf) roots were inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli and colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomusfasciculatum Gerd. and Trappe or left uncolonized as controls. The symbiotic associations were grown in an inert substrate using 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 milligrams hydroxyapatite (HAP) (CaioIPO4161OH12) per pot as a P amendment. Plant and nodule dry weights and nodule activity increased for both VAM and control plants with increasing P availability, but values for VAM plants were significantly lower in all parameters than for controls. Inhibition of growth and of N2 fixation in VAM plants was greatest at the lowest and highest P regimes. It was smallest at 50 milligrams HAP, where available P at harvest (7 weeks after planting) was 5 micrograms P per gram substrate. At this level of P availability, the association apparently benefited from increased P uptake by the fungal endophyte. Percent P values for shoots, roots, and nodules did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between VAM and control plants. The extent of colonization, fungal biomass, and the fungus/association dry weight ratio increased several fold as HAP was increased from 0 to 200 milligrams. It is concluded that intersymbiont competition for P and photosynthate was the prunary cause for the inhibition of growth, nodulation, and nodule activity in VAM plants. Impaired N2 fixation resulted in N stress which contributed to inhibition of host plant growth at all levels of P availability.Enhancement of N2 fixation by root nodules as a result of improved P nutrition is well documented (12,18,20), and appears to depend on the high P requirement of the bacteriods (3). When the availability of P is low, increased P uptake in legumes colonized by VAM2 fungi enhances host plant growth and also stimulates N2 fixation (2,12,14). This has been defined as mycotrophic growth (15 significant sink for carbohydrates (6). Nodulation and N2 fixation have also been shown to depend directly on the availability of carbohydrates (9). Competition for photosynthates by the microsymbionts of the tripartite legume/Rhizobium/VAM fungal association therefore appears likely.The benefits of enhanced nutrient uptake by VAM fungi may be counteracted by the loss of carbohydrates from the host to the fungal endophyte (21). The concentration of P in the substrate appears to be crucial in determining whether VAM colonization will be beneficial, detrimental, or will occur at all. When P is extremely limiting, growth of both symbionts is inhibited (12). When P availability is low, enhanced growth of the host occurs (mycotrophy; Ref. 15). At intermediate levels of P, fungal proliferation may be at the expense of the host without enhancing P uptake ( 13), while at the high levels of P fungal growth is inhibited (21). In a nonsorbing medium, such as the sand-perlite culture with HAP as the P source used in the present investigation, P concentration at the absorbing root or fungal surface depends on the distance between absorbi...

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“…In susceptible cultivars an increase in the rate of dark respiration is a classic symptom of powdery mildew infection (Daly, 1976;Uritani & Asahi, 1980;Farrar & Lewis, 1987), but resistant cultivars react differently. Most studies which have considered resistance involve major-gene resistances ; for instance, Smedegaard-Petersen & Stolen (1981), working with a n^ajor-gene resistant cuitivar of barley, found a rapid initial rise in respiration which returned to control rates a few days after inoculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration and photosynthesis in oats exhibiting different levels of partial resistance to Erysiphe graminis D.c. ex Merat f. sp. avenae Marchal

1991

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SUMM.'VRYRates of photosynthesis and respiration were measured by two methods, oxygen electTode and infrared gas analysis (IRGA), in infected and control, seedling and adult leaves of oat genotypes exhibiting different levels of partial resistance. Measurements were carried out up to 9 d after inoculation, sporulation commencing on day 5. There was no decrease in the rate of photosynthesis, except in the second leaves of one genotype, and no decrease in any of the fifth leaves relative to controls. The two methods of measuring respiration gave different results, with no consistent differences being found. Measurements by oxygen electrode, up to 6 d after inoculation, revealed that disease treatment had a significant effect on respiration in only two cases; the susceptible first leaf of one genotype and the resistant fifth leaf of another. Measurements by IRGA, up to 9 d after inoculation, did not confirm these differences, but did reveal a significant increase in respiration in the diseased fifth leaf of another resistant genotype. SHAM inhibited respiration, indicating the presence of the alternative oxidase, but there was no significant difference in its activity between diseased and control plants. Thus changes in photosynthesis and respiration previously associated with powdery mildew infection are either delayed or compensated for in oats, Photosynthetic and respiratory responses do not appear to be involved in partial resistance of oats to powdery mildew.

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Respiration and Related Metabolic Activity in Wounded and Infected Tissues

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

Accumulation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA under biological stress conditions and elicitor treatments in potato

Interactions between Nitrogen Fixation, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Host-Plant Growth in the Phaseolus-Rhizobium-Glomus Symbiosis

Respiration and photosynthesis in oats exhibiting different levels of partial resistance to Erysiphe graminis D.c. ex Merat f. sp. avenae Marchal

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