Respiration and Heartbeat Rates Measurement Based on Autocorrelation Using IR-UWB Radar

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR-UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring.

Section: Previous Work Related To Vital Signs Extraction From Radar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

“…Within the last couple of years, there has been a large growth of the usage of UWB technology in healthcare applications, more precisely, in the area of vital sign detection and monitoring. The working principle of the existing radar-based approaches is based on the electromagnetic energy propagated towards and through the body and its reflection on border surfaces between tissues with different wave propagation properties [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 32 , 47 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Lately, another approach based on the transversal propagation method proved to be an alternative viable solution for using UWB in vital signs monitoring applications [ 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: State Of the Art: Emerging Technologies For The Wbs Applimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such characteristics make them available in the market for commercial applications at low price. Lately, there has been a growing interest in research of applications of UWB systems in the health sector, e.g., for vital signs monitoring [ 11 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], breast tumor detection [ 10 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and for the wireless capsule endoscopy [ 9 , 18 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Besides the communication interface, UWB can be used as a radar in remote sensing and imaging techniques [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Čuljak

Vasić

Mihaldinec

et al. 2020

In recent years there has been an increasing need for miniature, low-cost, commercially accessible, and user-friendly sensor solutions for wireless body area networks (WBAN), which has led to the adoption of new physical communication interfaces providing distinctive advantages over traditional wireless technologies. Ultra-wideband (UWB) and intrabody communication (IBC) have been the subject of intensive research in recent years due to their promising characteristics as means for short-range, low-power, and low-data-rate wireless interfaces for interconnection of various sensors and devices placed on, inside, or in the close vicinity of the human body. The need for safe and standardized solutions has resulted in the development of two relevant standards, IEEE 802.15.4 (for UWB) and IEEE 802.15.6 (for UWB and IBC), respectively. This paper presents an in-depth overview of recent studies and advances in the field of application of UWB and IBC technologies for wireless body sensor communication systems.

“…Furthermore, frequency-modulated CW systems at 77

[ 18 , 19 ] and 122

[ 20 ] are used to measure vital parameters of several people simultaneously by separating the targets. In addition, ultra-wideband radars with different frequencies and bandwidths are used to measure vital parameters [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous In-Bed Monitoring of Vital Signs Using a Multi Radar Setup for Freely Moving Patients

Schellenberger

Shi

Michler

et al. 2020

In hospitals, continuous monitoring of vital parameters can provide valuable information about the course of a patient’s illness and allows early warning of emergencies. To enable such monitoring without restricting the patient’s freedom of movement and comfort, a radar system is attached under the mattress which consists of four individual radar modules to cover the entire width of the bed. Using radar, heartbeat and respiration can be measured without contact and through clothing. By processing the raw radar data, the presence of a patient can be determined and movements are categorized into the classes “bed exit”, “bed entry”, and “on bed movement”. Using this information, the vital parameters can be assessed in sections where the patient lies calmly in bed. In the first step, the presence and movement classification is demonstrated using recorded training and test data. Next, the radar was modified to perform vital sign measurements synchronized to a gold standard device. The evaluation of the individual radar modules shows that, regardless of the lying position of the test person, at least one of the radar modules delivers accurate results for continuous monitoring.