Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure, Smoking, and Lung Cancer Subtype Risks. A Pooled Analysis of Case–Control Studies

Ge, Calvin; Peters, Susan; Olsson, Ann; Portengen, Lützen; Schüz, Joachim; Almansa, Josué; Behrens, Thomas; Pesch, Beate; Kendzia, Benjamin; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Bencko, Vladimír; Benhamou, Simone; Boffetta, Paolo; Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, Bas; Caporaso, Neil E.; Consonni, Dario; Demers, Paul A.; Fabiánovà, Eleonóra; Fernández‐Tardón, Guillermo; Field, John K.; Forastiére, Francesco; Foretová, Lenka; Guénel, Pascal; Gustavsson, Per; Ho, Vikki; Janout, Vladimí­r; Jöckel, Karl Heinz; Karrasch, Stefan; Landi, Maria Teresa; Lissowska, Jolanta; Luce, Danièle; Mateș, Dana; McLaughlin, John; Merletti, Franco; Mirabelli, Dario; Plato, Nils; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Richiardi, Lorenzo; Rudnai, Péter; Siemiatycki, Jack; Świątkowska, Beata; Tardón, Adonina; Wichmann, Heinz Erich; Заридзе, Давид; Brüning, Thomas; Straif, Kurt; Kromhout, Hans; Vermeulen, Roel

doi:10.1164/rccm.201910-1926oc

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The meta-analysis of results on DE exposure in non-smokers did not provide evidence of an independent effect of the former. This is similar to what has been detected for other lung carcinogens such as chrysotile asbestos (Klebe et al, 2019) and silica (Ge et al, 2020), that appears to entail a minimal, if any, risk in the absence of tobacco smoking, probably because of low exposure levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Rizzello

Pompiani

Violante

et al. 2021

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background While an association between exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and risk of lung cancer has been reported in several studies, its interaction with tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk is not well characterized. This study aims at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of results of epidemiology studies on this. Methods Studies included in the systematic review were identified from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, without limitation of year of publication or language. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies and abstracted relevant data from selected studies, applied a customized quality assessment tool and calculated the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the interaction between DE exposure and tobacco smoking on a multiplicative scale. Next, a random-effects meta-analysis of the interaction RR was conducted. ResultsSeven studies were included in the metaanalysis, of which two were cohort and five case-control studies. Results on the interaction were heterogeneous (I 2 = 45.6%). The summary RR for interaction was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.42-1.46). There was no indication of publication bias. There was no increased risk of lung cancer among non-smoking workers exposed to DE. ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggested a lessthan-multiplicative effect between DE exposure and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk, but the hypothesis of multiplicative interaction cannot be rejected. The small number of relevant studies and the high heterogeneity among them prevent from definite conclusions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Rizzello

Pompiani

Violante

et al. 2021

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Workers in agriculture, construction, mining, quarrying, and manufacturing of metal products may be exposed to high concentrations of respirable silica ( Peters et al , 2011 ; IARC, 2012 ). Respirable crystalline silica exposure is a well-documented risk factor for silicosis ( t Mannetje et al , 2002 ) and lung cancer ( IARC, 2012 ; Ge et al , 2020 ) and is associated with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases ( Miller et al , 2012 ; Boudigaard et al , 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Respirable Quartz Exposure Concentrations Across Occupations in Denmark, 2018

Boudigaard

Hansen

Kolstad

et al. 2021

Annals of Work Exposures and Health

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Background High concentrations of respirable quartz have been reported from workers in construction, foundries, and quarries. Current exposure concentrations in prevalent but presumably lower exposed occupations have been less examined. We aimed to quantify current exposure concentrations of respirable dust and quartz across prevalent occupations and to identify determinants of respirable quartz exposure across these occupations. Methods One hundred and eighty-nine full-shift personal samples of respirable dust of workers within 11 occupations in Denmark were sampled during 2018. Respirable dust was determined gravimetrically and analysed for quartz content with infrared spectrometry. Determinants for respirable quartz exposure, i.e. use of power tools, outdoor or indoor location, and percentage of quartz in respirable dust, were analysed in linear mixed effect models. Results The overall geometric means (geometric standard deviations) for respirable dust and quartz were 216 µg m−3 (4.42) and 16 µg m−3 (4.07), respectively. The highest quartz concentrations were observed among stone cutters and carvers [93 µg m−3 (3.47)], and metal melters and casters [61 µg m−3 (1.71)]. Use of power tools increased exposure concentrations of quartz by a factor of 3.5. Occupations explained 27%, companies within occupations 28%, and differences between workers within companies within occupations 14% of the variability in quartz concentrations. Thirty percent was due to day-to-day variability in exposure concentrations. In total, 19% of the variation in quartz concentration could be explained by type of tool, indoor/outdoor location, and percentage of quartz in respirable dust. Conclusion Current exposure concentrations are generally low, but some occupations in this study had average exposure concentrations to respirable quartz above the ACGIH threshold limit value of 25 µg m−3. Preventive measures to lower excess risk of quartz-related diseases among these workers are still needed. In terms of preventive strategies, use of power tools and quartz content of used materials were identified as main determinants of exposure. Lowering of exposures will be most efficient when focussed on these major determinants, e.g. tool dust control with water, dust extraction, and use of low quartz content materials.

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“…Several years ago, smoking was considered as a risk factor for the development of silicosis in workers exposed to silica dust [ 35 ]. Even low exposure levels of respirable crystalline silica have been associated with lung cancer [ 36 ]. Moreover, several studies have shown that smoking can increase the harmful effect of exposure to silica dust [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Crystalline Silica Dust Exposure and Silicosis Development in Artificial Stone Workers

Requena

Alarcón

Parrón-Carreño

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (SiO2) is one of the most common and serious risks because of the health consequences for the workers involved. Silicosis is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to assess the occupational risk factors that may contribute to the onset of silicosis in workers carrying out work activities with the inhalation of silica compact dust. The study population consisted of 311 artificial stone workers from the province of Almeria (southeast of Spain). Among them, 64 were previously diagnosed with silicosis and the rest of the participants (n = 247 workers) were not diagnosed with such a disease. The workers showing a greater risk of developing silicosis were those who installed kitchen worktops at consumers’ homes, as they did not use face-masks or were not provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) by their business. The results of this study provide support for the evidence indicating that silicosis is a major emerging health concern for workers in the artificial stone sector. Exposure to crystalline silica dust thus can influence the development of silicosis in those cases where individual and collective protection measures are not used or adequately applied.

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Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure, Smoking, and Lung Cancer Subtype Risks. A Pooled Analysis of Case–Control Studies

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Interaction between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and tobacco smoking in determining lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Determinants of Respirable Quartz Exposure Concentrations Across Occupations in Denmark, 2018

Association between Crystalline Silica Dust Exposure and Silicosis Development in Artificial Stone Workers

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