Respirable aerosols from fluidized bed coal combustion.  2.  Physical characteristics of fly ash

Carpenter, Robert L.; Newton, G.J.; Rothenberg, Simon J.; DeNee, Phillip B.

doi:10.1021/es60167a012

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Emissions data from this relatively large demonstration plant provide a contribution to the database needed to assess the performance of the emission control system and the potential environmental impact of the AFBC. The fly ash mass concentration after the cyclone dust collector (2.4 + 0.9 g/m3) was comparable to those of pulverized coal combustors (2 to 10 g/m3) (McElroy et al, 1982), a small-scale PFBC (Pilat and Steig, 1983) (2.75 g/m3), and a small-scale AFBC (Carpenter et al, 1980) (0.4-0.6 g/m3). Variation of fly ash mass concentrations were observed with no apparent correlation to the operating conditions given by the plant operator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…However, as we GURE 7. Continued before the baghouse, compared to 5-15% for an AFBC (Carpenter et al, 1980) and 5-25% for PFBC (Murthy et al, 1978;Steig, 1983). The lower fraction of t cron particles was primarily related to the slightly larger size of fly ash from the Georgetown AFBC as compared with fly ash from other units, as shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Analyses of gaseous and particulate emissions from a 0.08-m2 pressurized fluidizedbed combustor (PFBC) unit (Exxon Miniplant, N.J.) showed that SO, (0.18 lb/106 Btu) and NO, (0.09 lb/106 Btu) emissions were indeed below the limits of NSPS, but particulate emissions downstream of a 2cyclone collector were 2.75 g/m3 (1.9 lb/106 Btu), well above the NSPS requirement (Murthy et al, 1979). Fly ash characterization of flue gases from a 0.16-m2 atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor (AFBC) (Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, W. Va.) using several different coals including Western Kentucky bituminous, Montana Rosebud subbituminous, and Texas Lignite has been reported (Newton et al, 1980;Carpenter et al, 1980;Hobbs and Carpenter, 1980). Particulate emissions of 3.0 to 4.7 g/m3 (2.3-5.9 lb/106 Btu) at combustor exit, 0.4 to 0.6 g/m3 (0.18-0.50 lb/106 Btu) downstream of 2-cyclone collector and upstream of a baghouse system, and 0.008 to 0.07 g/m3 (0.006-0.09 lb/106 Btu) at stack were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Distribution of Fine Particle Emissions from a Steam Plant with a Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustor

Cheng

Carpenter

Barr

et al. 1985

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The size distribution of fly ash emitted from an atmospheric fluidized-bed coal combustor (AFBC) with a 20-mZ croswection bed equipped with cyclones and a baghouse system to control the particulate emission is described. The Georgetown AFBC was designed to produce a maximum of 100,000 pounds/h of saturated steam at 275 or 625 psig to support space heating and to supply hot water to the university. A 2-cyclone dust collector was used to remove large fly ash particles from the effluent stream, and a baghouse system was used for fine control of the particulate emissions before discharging to the atmosphere. The fly ash concentration and size distribution before and after the baghouse dust control system were measured, and the collection efficiency of the baghouse system was determined. A bimodal size distribution of fly ash was observed. The mass fraction of submicron particles was 4.3% before the haghouse and increased to 18% at the stack because the collection efficiency of the baghouse was size dependent. The high collection efficiency (99.98%) of the newly installed baghouse removed most of the fly ash; therefore, the emission factor for particles was below the new source performance standards required, by the EPA. Comparison of fly ash size distributions obtained in several fluid-bed coal combustors are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size Distribution of Fine Particle Emissions from a Steam Plant with a Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustor

Cheng

Carpenter

Barr

et al. 1985

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Carryover from the limestone in the fluidized bed explains the very high calcium content of sample C (20). To facilitate cross-reference, we have retained the same notation as that employed in the paper on sample composition (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption kinetics of vapor-phase m-xylene on coal fly ash

Rothenberg¹,

Mettzler²,

Poliner³

et al. 1991

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We determined adsorption kinetics for a representative aromatic hydrocarbon, m-xylene, and three types of fly ash, two from commercial power plants and one from an experimental fluidized-bed combustor. Rate constants and adsorption half-times were compared to fly ash residence times in coal combustion power plant stacks. Kinetics of m-xylene adsorption by fly ash resembled kinetics reported for penetration of absorbates into porous adsorbents. No increase in adsorption rates was observed with increased temperature; rate constants decreased with increase in vapor pressure. This suggested that adsorption was diffusion limited. The residence times of fly ash in the stack were similar to the half-times required for monolayer formation, but were much shorter than the half-times characteristic of multilayer formation and pore filling.

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“…Unfortunately, from an experimental viewpoint fly ash is not a single material but will vary in its physical and chemical characteristics dependent upon factors such as the fuel and combustion process (25,26). The limited data available on retention of inhaled fly ash in rodents may not adequately predict the retention of all kinds of fly ash.…”

Section: Retention Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of inhalation studies with animals in defining human health risks for vehicle and power plant emissions.

McClellan¹

1983

Environ Health Perspect

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Automotive vehicles and power plants using fossil fuels emit a complex array of gases and particulate material. The physical and chemical characteristics of these emissions vary markedly between sources and comprise only a portion of the contributors to air pollution exposure of people. Further, it is well recognized that a single form of self-inflicted air pollution, cigarette smoking, is the dominant cause of air pollution-induced disease. These factors minimize our potential for developing an adequate understanding of the health effects of vehicle and power plant emissions by studying only people. The alternative is to use the human data to the extent feasible and complement it with information gained in studies with macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues and whole animals. Within this context, this paper reviews the use of inhalation studies with animals for defining human health risks of airborne materials, especially particulate materials. The major areas covered are: the fate of inhaled materials, the pathogenesis of disease induced by inhaled materials and long-term animal studies to identify late-occurring effects. Emphasis is placed on the utility of studies in whole animals as integrative models in which the multiple processes such as xenobiotic metabolism, cell injury, repair, transformation and promotion under the influence of many host factors interact in a manner that may not be directly observed in isolated cells or tissues.

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Respirable aerosols from fluidized bed coal combustion. 2. Physical characteristics of fly ash

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Size Distribution of Fine Particle Emissions from a Steam Plant with a Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustor

Size Distribution of Fine Particle Emissions from a Steam Plant with a Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustor

Adsorption kinetics of vapor-phase m-xylene on coal fly ash

Role of inhalation studies with animals in defining human health risks for vehicle and power plant emissions.

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