Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Dong, Suocheng; Li, Zehong; Yu, Li; Guangyi, Shi; Yu, Haiqing; Wang, Juanle; Li, Jun; Qiliang, Mao; Yongbin, Huang

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.02.001

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…China's direct investment in countries along the BRI depends on imported inputs such as raw material, human skill, and other intangibles assets, which has a positive impact on imports [54]. A possible reason is that most countries along the BRI are developing countries with relatively small market sizes but abundant natural resources, especially in regions such as Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, where oil, natural gas, nonferrous metals, and other natural resources are abundant, and Southeast Asia, which is rich in natural rubber, coconut, and other plant resources [55]. Terefore, China's investment here can greatly increase China's import potential from countries in these regions.…”

Section: Benchmark Regression Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Bilateral Trade Potential: A Theoretical and Empirical Study

Gao

Cao

Wen

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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As a large developing country, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and its relationship to trade have always been subjects of extensive scrutiny in academic circles. With the continuous advancement of the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI), the pace of overseas expansion by Chinese firms has accelerated. This paper theoretically constructs a firm heterogeneity model of China’s OFDI and bilateral trade, and conducts research based on panel data of China’s OFDI in countries along the BRI from 2003 to 2019. The results show that China’s OFDI can substantially enhance the potential for bilateral trade, and this conclusion remains robust after overcoming endogeneity and economic fluctuations. In a heterogeneity test, China’s OFDI in countries along the “Land Silk Road” is shown to have a greater effect on trade potential than in countries along the “Maritime Silk Road.” In the controlled test, China’s OFDI to BRI countries has a greater role in upgrading trade potential than investment in other trading powerhouses. China’s OFDI can promote the economic development of host countries along the BRI by strengthening the potential for bilateral trade. The results of this study are not only conducive to the “going global” of Chinese enterprises but also of practical significance for host countries to achieve high-quality economic development.

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Section: Benchmark Regression Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Bilateral Trade Potential: A Theoretical and Empirical Study

Gao

Cao

Wen

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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show abstract

“…Natural resources are the foundation of human development, and the supply-consumption relationship of natural resources reflects the most basic impact of human activities on the ecosystem [ 12 , 71 ]. The BRI participating countries, with petroleum exporting and emerging economies in the list, are the major suppliers of natural resources and manufacturers of commodities [ 63 ], which boast abundant natural resources, including water resources, mineral resources, fossil energy (such as coal, crude oil and natural gas), and forest resources [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The statistics in Table 8 demonstrate the types and contents of mineral resources in the Belt and Road region [ 69 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Ecological Environment Status In Belt and Road Initiative Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle Eastern, North African and Central Asian countries are rich in mineral resources and energy, such as oil and natural gas, but are short of water and forest resources [ 73 , 75 ]. The Middle East and West Asia are the world’s largest oil reserve regions with the highest amount of oil produced and exported [ 74 ]. However, water resources there are extremely scarce, which presents a striking contrast to the richness of the oil.…”

Section: Ecological Environment Status In Belt and Road Initiative Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and Prospect of Ecological Environment in the Belt and Road Initiative Regions

Qin

Huang

2022

IJERPH

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With the widespread recognition and in-depth implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), especially in the context of global climate change, the ecological environment of Belt and Road Initiative regions might be confronted with pressures and challenges with rapid socioeconomic development. In response to those potential environmental challenges, China has put forward Green BRI and enriched the new Silk Road with more environmental connotations, aiming to reduce the conflict between economic development and eco-environmental protection. Currently, there is a lack of systematic and holistic research on eco-environmental issues in BRI regions. In addition, feasible solutions to enhance BRI’s contribution to the eco-environment remain insufficient. Having systematically reviewed the relevant literature on the eco-environment in BRI regions, we found that most regions along the BRI routes are in sensitive zones of climate and geological change, with fragile eco-environments and strong vulnerability to climate change, natural disasters and human activities. The main eco-environment status of the BRI regions is as follows: (1) The total water resources in BRI regions account for only 36% of the global total, with uneven distribution and complex spatial precipitation, posing higher pressure on water security. (2) Vegetation varies significantly from region to region. The vegetation in South Asia is the richest, with its mean annual NDVI exceeding 0.7. The NDVI in East Europe, Russia and South China are between 0.4 and 0.7, and that in Central Asia and West Asia are below 0.2. (3) The BRI regions are abundantly blessed with natural resources, with the total recoverable oil reserves, natural gas reserves and the total mining area reaching 66%, 65.5% and 42.31% of the world’s total, respectively, but severe overexploitation and overconsumption of those resources degrade their eco-environment. Accordingly, future research directions, such as target on integrated, interdisciplinary and coordinated studies on eco-environmental issues in BRI regions, are proposed in this paper to achieve optimization of BRI’s contribution to eco-environment protection in BRI regions.

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“…Existing literature has studied the investment environment (Li et al, 2019a), scientific collaboration network (Gui et al, 2019), trade efficiency (Fan et al, 2016), traffic patterns (Wang et al, 2015), flow distribution (Sheu and Kundu, 2018), agricultural development (Li et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019), environmental degradation (Hafeez et al, 2018), nomadic ecology (Frachetti et al, 2017;Hermes et al, 2018), and resource cooperation (Dong et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2015) within the framework of BRI. By constructing the integration index, the existing literature analyses the impact of cultural integration, tariff reduction and trade facilitation on inter-regional trade relations (Wang, 2017;Chung, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal Evolution and Determinants of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Maximum Entropy Gravity Model Approach

et al. 2020

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The spatial interaction model is an effective way to explore the geographical disparities inherent in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by simulating spatial flows. The traditional gravity model implies the hypothesis of equilibrium points without any reference to when or how to achieve it. In this paper, a dynamic gravity model was established based on the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) theory to estimate and monitor the interconnection intensity and dynamic characters of bilateral relations. In order to detect the determinants of interconnection intensity, a Geodetector method was applied to identify and evaluate the determinants of spatial networks in five dimensions. The empirical study clearly demonstrates a heterogeneous and non-circular spatial structure. The main driving forces of spatial-temporal evolution are foreign direct investment, tourism and railway infrastructure construction, while determinants in different sub-regions show obvious spatial differentiation. Southeast Asian countries are typically multi-island area where aviation infrastructure plays a more important role. North and Central Asian countries regard oil as a pillar industry where power and port facilities have a greater impact on the interconnection. While Western Asian countries are mostly influenced by the railway infrastructure, Eastern European countries already have relatively robust infrastructure where tariff policies provide a greater impetus.

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Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Bilateral Trade Potential: A Theoretical and Empirical Study

China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Bilateral Trade Potential: A Theoretical and Empirical Study

Status and Prospect of Ecological Environment in the Belt and Road Initiative Regions

Spatial-temporal Evolution and Determinants of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Maximum Entropy Gravity Model Approach

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