Resource Variability and Life History Parameters of Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae)

Kopelman, A. H.; Chabora, P. C.

doi:10.1093/aesa/85.2.195

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The available references on survival curves confirm 20 that this is a liberal range (Mackauer 1982;Blumberg et al 1984;Melton and Browning 1986;Kopelman and Chabora 1992;Bai and Smith 1993;Ellers and van Alphen 1997;Heimpel et al 1997).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 73%

Egg Load Evolution in Parasitoids

Ellers

Sevenster

Driessen

2000

The American Naturalist

139

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Parasitic wasps lay their eggs in or on other insects. Allocation of resources to reproduction (eggs) and survival (life span) should maximize reproductive success, but stochasticity in the number of hosts encountered precludes an exact match of allocation with reproductive opportunity. We study optimal egg loads using a general model for pro-ovigenic parasitoids (which only mature eggs before adult life) and a dynamic programming model for synovigenic parasitoids (which can mature additional eggs during adult life). We find that stochasticity has a major effect on optimal egg loads and that the patchy distribution of hosts is the major source of stochasticity in reproductive opportunities. In a stochastic world, the further "relative habitat quality" (expected number of oviposition opportunities gained by reducing reproductive investment by one egg) is below unity (as we argue it generally is), the more the optimal egg load exceeds the expected number of hosts. In unusually rich environments, however, stochasticity decreases optimal egg loads. Although synovigenic parasitoids can adjust to the conditions they encounter, they too have to invest for an uncertain future. Because they can replenish their egg supply throughout life, the incidence of egg limitation is even lower than in pro-ovigenic parasitoids.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 73%

Egg Load Evolution in Parasitoids

Ellers

Sevenster

Driessen

2000

The American Naturalist

139

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“…The curve for the pro‐ovigenic wasp Leptopilina boulardi corresponds roughly to curve A; it is concave as opposed to convex; Kopelman & Chabora 1992). The curves for the synovigenic species Gryon pennsylvanicum (Vogt & Nechols 1993), Venturia canescens (Trudeau & Gordon 1989; Harvey et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is good evidence for phenotypic plasticity in resource allocation, post‐emergence, in parasitoids: females can, under conditions of high host availability, shift their egg production ‘schedule’ towards an earlier age (synovigenic species: Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao: Mackauer 1982, 1983; Dicondylus indianus Olmi: Sahragard, Jervis & Kidd 1991; Trichogramma minutum Riley: Bai & Smith 1993; Asobara tabida : Ellers & van Alphen 1997; pro‐ovigenic species: Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin, Carton & Kelner‐Pillaut: Kopelman & Chabora 1992). In the first four of the aforementioned synovigenic species there was no concomitant shortening of life span.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of ‘ovigeny’

Jervis

Heimpel

Ferns

et al. 2001

Journal of Animal Ecology

457

537

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Summary 1.Ecologists concerned with life-history strategies of parasitoid wasps have recently focused on interspecific variation in the fraction of the maximum potential lifetime egg complement that is mature when the female emerges into the environment. Species that have all of this complement mature upon emergence are termed 'pro-ovigenic', while those that do not are termed 'synovigenic'. We document and quantify the diversity of egg maturation patterns among 638 species of parasitoid wasps from 28 families. 2. We test a series of hypotheses concerning variation in 'ovigeny' and likely life-history correlates by devising a quantitative index -the proportion of the maximum potential lifetime complement that is mature upon female emergence. 3. Synovigeny, which we define as emerging with at least some immature eggs, was found to be by far the predominant egg maturation pattern (98·12% of species). Even allowing for some taxonomic bias in our sample of species, pro-ovigeny is rare among parasitoid wasps. 4. There is strong evidence for a predicted continuum in ovigeny index among parasitoid wasps, from pro-ovigenic (ovigeny index = 1) to extremely synovigenic species (ovigeny index = 0). 5. As predicted, synovigenic species are longer-lived than pro-ovigenic ones, and ovigeny index and life span are negatively correlated across parasitoid taxa, suggesting a life span cost of concentrating reproductive effort early in adult life. 6. There is equivocal evidence that host feeding (i.e. consumption of host haemolymph and /or tissues by adult wasps) is confined to synovigenic parasitoid wasps. It is also not certain from our analyses whether host feeding is associated with a relatively low ovigeny index. 7. As predicted, egg resorption capability is concentrated among producers of yolkrich eggs. Also, the hypothesis that it is associated with a tendency towards a low ovigeny index is supported. Parasitoid species that produce yolk-rich eggs also exhibit a lower ovigeny index than species that produce yolk-deficient eggs. 8. Ovigeny index appears to be linked to parasitoid development mode (koinobiosisidiobiosis). 9. We conclude that 'ovigeny' is a concept applicable to insects generally.

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“…Research on other parasitoid species has also shown adjustment of reproduction by females in response to temporal host limitations (Drost and Carde, 1992;Kopelman and Chabora, 1992;Bai and Smith, 1993). Research on other parasitoid species has also shown adjustment of reproduction by females in response to temporal host limitations (Drost and Carde, 1992;Kopelman and Chabora, 1992;Bai and Smith, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoff Between Longevity and Fecundity in Relation to Host Availability in a Thelytokous Oophagous Parasitoid, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

Ramesh

Manickavasagam

2003

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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The biological hypothesis that female parasitoids can adjust their fecundity schedule according to host availability, and tradeoff longevity with fecundity was tested in a thelytokous oophagous parasitoid, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera) parasitising the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The tradeoff between early and late reproduction revealed that this wasp was able to exploit practically all available hosts during the first day or first few days of adult life. During spells of host unavailability, it was able to adjust its fecundity schedule accordingly. There was a negative relationship between survival and reproduction. Adult females survived shorter (10 days) when an unlimited supply of hosts was present, but longer (16 days) when no hosts were provided. These observations suggest the potential suitability of T. brasiliensis for inundative releases even in conditions of fluctuating host availability.Resume-L'hypothese selon laquelle les femelles parasitoi'des peuvent ajuster leur fecondite en fonction de la disponibilite des hotes, et adapter leur longevite a leur fecondite a ete testee chez un parasitoi'de thelytoque oophage, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera), parasitant la pyrale du riz, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Le choix entre une reproduction precoce ou tardive indique que cette guepe est capable d'exploiter pratiquement tous les hotes disponibles pendant le premier ou les premiers jours de sa vie adulte. En l'absence d'hotes, elle est capable d'ajuster sa fecondite en consequence. II y a une relation negative entre la survie et la reproduction. Les femelles adultes vivent moins longtemps (10 jours) lorsque les hotes sont en nombre illimite et plus longtemps (16 jours) en l'absence d'hotes. Ces observations suggerent que T. brasiliensis est adapte a des lachers inondatifs meme lorsque la disponibilite des hotes est variable.

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Resource Variability and Life History Parameters of Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Egg Load Evolution in Parasitoids

Egg Load Evolution in Parasitoids

Life‐history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of ‘ovigeny’

Tradeoff Between Longevity and Fecundity in Relation to Host Availability in a Thelytokous Oophagous Parasitoid, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

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