Resource recovery and utilization of bittern wastewater from salt production: a review of recovery technologies and their potential applications

Bagastyo, Arseto Yekti; Sinatria, Afrah Zhafirah; Anggrainy, Anita Dwi; Affandi, Komala Affiyanti; Kartika, Sucahyaning Wahyu Trihasti; Nurhayati, Ervin

doi:10.1080/21622515.2021.1995786

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The extraction of minerals from rejected brine or bittern wastewater has gained much interest in the past few decades. The recovery of minerals is typically carried out by nanofiltration, electrolysis, electrodialysis, precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, or thermal operation (Bagastyo et al 2021b). Those technologies can be used as a sole recovery treatment or combined to enhance recovery efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Electrodialytic Recovery of Mineral Ions from Bittern Wastewater Using D-Optimality Design

Anggrainy,

Sinatria,

Bagastyo

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Electrodialysis has been proven effective due to its high selectivity for separating monovalent and divalent ions. This study statistically evaluated the simultaneous electrodialytic recovery of mineral ions from bittern wastewater. The objective was to investigate the effect of cell number, anode materials, and applied voltage to optimize mineral ion recovery. A D-optimality design response surface methodology was performed to estimate the model parameter and identify the factors contributing to mineral ions recovery. The effects of independent variables and their interactions on the responses were investigated using ANOVA. All developed models were highly significant, with a p-value of <0.0001. The applied voltage was considered very important for the recovery process of all mineral ions as it affects the driving force of ion migration through the ion-exchange membrane. The optimization analysis (desirability value of 0.967) revealed 12% Cl -, 14% SO 4 2-, 0.7% Mg 2+ , and 21% Ca 2+ recovery at the combination of 5-cells configuration, graphite electrode, and 9 V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Electrodialytic Recovery of Mineral Ions from Bittern Wastewater Using D-Optimality Design

Anggrainy,

Sinatria,

Bagastyo

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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“…Nonetheless, the majority of these studies did not adequately report on the calcium effects originating from the alternative magnesium source [22,28,29]. Regarding the stoichiometric amounts of magnesium needed to precipitate struvite (where magnesium is originating from the alternative magnesium sources), the Ca 2+ :Mg 2+ molar ratios in the reactors could reach up to 0.48, 0.1, 0.024, 0.098, 1.0, and 0.34 for wood ash, magnesium oxide production byproducts, magnesite, magnesia, dolomite, and bittern, respectively [23,30,31]. The corresponding potential calcium concentration in the reactors for the aforementioned Ca 2+ :Mg 2+ ratio and ammonium concentration at 20,000 mg/L in the feed could reach 44,417mg/L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Calcium on the Removal of Ammonium from Aged Landfill Leachate by Struvite Precipitation

Rayshouni

Wazne

2022

Water

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Ammonium in landfill leachates is a major contributor to environmental degradation if not effectively treated. However, it could be converted to a valuable fertilizer when it is co-precipitated with phosphate and magnesium as struvite. Low-cost magnesium and phosphate sources are sought to offset the co-precipitation treatment costs, but most of the identified alternative magnesium sources have significant amounts of calcium, which may negatively impact the ammonium removal rates. In this study, the effects of calcium on ammonium removal from high-strength aged field landfill leachate as struvite were investigated. Laboratory-scale batch tests were conducted to assess the effects of the pH, Mg2+:NH4+:PO43−, and Ca2+:Mg2+ molar ratios on ammonium removal. Magnesium chloride salt was used as a model dissolved magnesium source, whereas different compounds derived from dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) were used as model solid-phase magnesium sources. X-ray powder diffraction and activity ratio diagrams were used to delineate the ammonium removal mechanisms and struvite stability. The ammonium removal rate of the magnesium salt decreased from approximately 97% to 70%, upon increasing the Ca2+:Mg2+ molar ratio from 0 to 1.0, for the Mg2+:NH4+:PO43− molar ratio of 1.25:1:1.25 and pH = 9.5. For similar pH values, as well as the Mg2+:NH4+:PO43− and Ca2+:Mg2+ molar ratios, the ammonium removal rates by the dolomite-derived compounds reached up to 55%, which highlighted the limited availability of magnesium in solid phases, in addition to the negative impacts of calcium. The diffractometric analysis and thermodynamic calculations revealed the stable regions of struvite in the presence of competing solid phases. The new findings in this study could aid in the design of ammonium and phosphate removal and recovery systems by struvite precipitation.

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Strategy of Nutrient Recovery from Domestic Wastewater Using Magnesium‐Modified Agricultural‐Waste‐Based Biochars

Tien Pham,

Minh Hoang,

Ngoc Truong

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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This work presents a reasonable strategy of optimizing the N : P molar ratio of municipal wastewater to simultaneously restore N‐NH4+ and P‐PO43− via struvite precipitation employing biochar modified with magnesium as the seeding material. The phosphate removal efficiency and ammonium removal efficiency could reach up to 71 % and 100 %, respectively. The remaining phosphate can be restored by other techniques for low phosphate concentration input, such as electrocoagulation. The XRD patterns indicate the appearance of struvite with high nutrient contents including Mg, N and P in the resulting precipitate, suggesting its potential agricultural application. The biochar from rice husk and rice straw modified with MgCl2 solution via a simple procedure could be used as a new seeding material in struvite precipitation to simultaneously restore phosphate and ammonium from wastewater. It has been found that modifying with MgCl2 concentration of 0.5 M and 1 M were enough to improve 14.7 % and 26.5 % of the phosphate removal efficiencies of rice straw‐based and rice husk‐based biochar, respectively. Along with the highly compatible of the post‐precipitated product with soil amendment, the magnesium modified biochars from rice husk and rice straw were highly suitable for enhancing the restoration of phosphate and ammonium via struvite precipitation.

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Resource recovery and utilization of bittern wastewater from salt production: a review of recovery technologies and their potential applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 105 publications

Optimizing Electrodialytic Recovery of Mineral Ions from Bittern Wastewater Using D-Optimality Design

Optimizing Electrodialytic Recovery of Mineral Ions from Bittern Wastewater Using D-Optimality Design

Effects of Calcium on the Removal of Ammonium from Aged Landfill Leachate by Struvite Precipitation

Strategy of Nutrient Recovery from Domestic Wastewater Using Magnesium‐Modified Agricultural‐Waste‐Based Biochars

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