Resource Congruence and Forest Regeneration following an Experimental Hurricane Blowdown

Carlton, G. C.; Bazzaz, F. A.

doi:10.2307/176745

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Five of the seven species were influenced by interactions between the two factors and three of those five (A. triloba, C. laevigata, and L. styraciflua) had heightened probability of occurrence in drier and open portions of the environmental space, although in the case of L. styraciflua, the positive responses were restricted to intermediate positions along the two gradients. These results, based on the presence rather than the abundance, show that some species are more likely to occur as the joint stresses of flooding and shade diminish, i.e., resources are congruent (Carlton and Bazzaz 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood–shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis

Battaglia

Sharitz

2005

Oecologia

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Previous work in southeastern US floodplains led to the hypothesis that a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance underlies species-specific responses to flooding and light, which drive forest regeneration. In systems where community turnover can occur with small-scale environmental changes, testing this hypothesis requires recognizing that turnover of species along the two gradients can be large relative to the spatial distances involved. We test the tradeoff hypothesis in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest by (1) comparing shade and moisture profiles of woody juveniles versus random points and (2) using individual-based sampling of woody juveniles to model probability of occurrence in response to distance-to-water table and canopy openness gradients. We found that juveniles of all species combined occupied a similar range of distance-to-water table compared to measurements taken at random points, but average canopy openness above seedlings was significantly higher than at random points. On average, shade-tolerant species, with the exception of Acer rubrum, were found in shaded areas that were also drier, whereas less shade-tolerant taxa, plus A. rubrum, were found in wetter, more open areas, suggesting a tradeoff between flood and shade tolerance. Predictive models of species occurrence, which incorporate the availability of canopy and microtopographic conditions, indicated that three taxa (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Quercus spp., and Ulmus americana) had patterns consistent with a flood-shade tolerance tradeoff. In contrast, Asimina triloba, Celtis laevigata, and Liquidambar styraciflua had positive responses when the joint stresses of flooding and shade were diminished. A. rubrum appeared to be the most tolerant to both stresses. Our work not only lends support to the flood-shade tradeoff hypothesis but also indicates that a more general model is needed that includes a "flood-shade release" component. We also suggest that responses to small-scale gradients should not be overlooked, particularly in systems where the gradients are ecologically steep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood–shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis

Battaglia

Sharitz

2005

Oecologia

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“…Carlton and Bazzaz (1998), for instance, found higher spatial congruence among soil resources in blow-down sites than in undisturbed forests, mainly due to the increased patch contrast in vegetation and forest floor after blow-down. However, temporal correspondence of the same soil variable sampled at different times within a growing season may be low, with or without the influence of site disturbance, probably due to rapid temporal changes in such factors as plant cover, soil temperature, and soil moisture over a growing season (Ryel et al 1996;Cain et al 1999).…”

Section: Resource Congruencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…By redistributing plant litter and mixing it with the mineral soil (Beatty 1984), disturbances increase patchiness in the litter layer and soil, thereby increasing spatial variability in soil moisture and temperature (Clinton and Baker 2000;Guo et al 2002), and influencing nutrient mineralization and transport in the soil (Stark 1994). When disturbances create highly contrasted microsites within a site, resource congruence, i.e., spatial correspondence of different plant resources, may increase (Carlton and Bazzaz 1998). Post-disturbance patchiness in forest floor can also influence spatial patterns of re-vegetation (Mou et al 1993;Carlton and Bazzaz 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When disturbances create highly contrasted microsites within a site, resource congruence, i.e., spatial correspondence of different plant resources, may increase (Carlton and Bazzaz 1998). Post-disturbance patchiness in forest floor can also influence spatial patterns of re-vegetation (Mou et al 1993;Carlton and Bazzaz 1998). Regenerated vegetation patches interact with soil nutrient distributions altered by disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the potentially large effects of disturbance on soil resource heterogeneity and congruence, remarkably little quantitative information exists on post-disturbance patterns of soil heterogeneity (Carlton and Bazzaz 1998). Even less is known about the spatially explicit patterns of soil heterogeneity after different types of disturbances at the same site (Guo et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal patterns of soil available nutrients following experimental disturbance in a pine forest

et al. 2004

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Although disturbance is known to alter soil nutrient heterogeneity, it remains unclear whether spatial patterns in soil nutrients after disturbance follow predictable temporal changes that reflect underlying processes. This study examined the effects of tree harvesting and girdling on overall variability, geostatistical patterns, and resource congruence of soil available nutrients in a mature Pinus elliottii Engelm. forest. The two disturbances led to different patterns of vegetation removal, forest floor redistribution, and revegetation, but showed similar post-disturbance changes in overall soil nutrient variability. Soil nutrient variability increased after both disturbances by more than 5-fold, and then decreased, returning to the undisturbed level in 4 years. Spatial structures assessed using geostatistics did not show predictable temporal trends. However, girdled plots showed more persistent spatial structures in soil nutrients than harvested plots, and had semivariogram ranges mostly equal to or less than 10 m, reflecting effects of persistent and spatially stable patches of undisturbed hardwoods that had an average patch size of 10 m. Resource congruence examined with Spearman rank correlations was nil before disturbance, increased after disturbance and then became nil again by the 4th year post-disturbance. The timing of the increase was related to treatment, occurring in the 1st year after disturbance in the girdled plots, but not until the 2nd year in the harvested plots. These two patterns of congruence were potentially caused by different rates of nutrient patch formation and resource uptake by plants during early succession. Although temporal changes in soil heterogeneity have been documented previously, the present study indicates that temporal trends in nutrient variability after disturbance may be predictable, and that the marked changes in spatio-temporal patterns of soil nutrients as a result of disturbance are ephemeral.

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Gap structure and establishment of Silver birch regeneration (Betula pendula Roth.) in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.)

Huth

Wagner

2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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Resource Congruence and Forest Regeneration following an Experimental Hurricane Blowdown

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood–shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis

Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood–shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis

Spatio-temporal patterns of soil available nutrients following experimental disturbance in a pine forest

Gap structure and establishment of Silver birch regeneration (Betula pendula Roth.) in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.)

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