“…However, this theory has been criticized for its inability to explain how organizational resources are integrated, developed and deployed to gain sustainable competitive advantage (Priem & Butler, 2001;Morgan, Vorhies, & Mason, 2009;Kraaijenbrink, Spender, & Groen, 2010;El Shafeey & Trott, 2014). Therefore, the resource deployment approach has been introduced in order to overcome such shortcomings (Shin & Aiken, 2012) and there has been an attempt to conceptually connect resources to capabilities, which is expected to improve the other resources in the organization (Ahn & York, 2011;Makadok, 2001). In this view, TQM practices are considered as valuable organizational resources that can enhance organizational capabilities and eventually result in higher performance.…”