Resource availability underlies the plant‐fungal diversity relationship in a grassland ecosystem

Cline, Lauren C.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Madritch, Michael D.; Buyarski, Christopher R.; Tilman, David; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine

doi:10.1002/ecy.2075

Cited by 106 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Rotations with annual cover crops increased fungal and AMF biomass (Maul et al, 2014), as well as the relative proportion of fungi making up the soil microbial biomass (Lehman et al, 2014), but decreased plant pathogen numbers (Benitez et al, 2016). In grasslands, a higher plant biomass was associated with increases in both fungal phylogenetic and functional group diversity (Cline et al, 2018). In our study, genera that increased with cover crops were dominated by Ascomycetes, but also included members of Zygomycota and Basidiomycota.…”

Section: Cover Cropping Effectssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…The diversity and duration of seasonal coverage by plants also play a role in shaping soil microbial communities due to the quantity and variety of organic substrates they provide via exudates and residues to the soil community (Cline et al, 2018;Sievers and Cook, 2018;Zhalnina et al, 2018). A meta-analysis of 122 studies concluded that microbial biomass increased by 20.7% when one or more crops were added to a monoculture, and the biomass increases correlated with increases in soil C (3.6%) and N pools (5.3%) (McDaniel et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cover cropping and no-till increase diversity and symbiotroph:saprotroph ratios of soil fungal communities

Schmidt

Mitchell

Scow

2019

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

189

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Fungi are important members of soil microbial communities in row-crop and grassland soils, provide essential ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and soil structure, but fungi are also more sensitive to physical disturbance than other microorganisms. Adoption of conservation management practices such as no-till and cover cropping shape the structure and function of soil fungal communities. No-till eliminates or greatly reduces the physical disturbance that redistributes organisms and nutrients in the soil profile and disrupts fungal hyphal networks, while cover crops provide additional types and greater abundance of organic carbon sources. In a long-term, row crop field experiment in California's Central Valley we hypothesized that a more diverse and plant symbiont-enriched fungal soil community would develop in soil managed with reduced tillage practices and/or cover crops compared to standard tillage and no cover crops. We measured the interacting effects of tillage and cover cropping on fungal communities based on fungal ITS sequence assigned to ecological guilds. Functional groups within fungal communities were most sensitive to longterm tillage practices, with 45% of guild-assigned taxa responding to tillage, and a higher proportion of symbiotroph taxa under no-till. In contrast, diversity measures reflected greater sensitivity to cover crops, with higher phylogenetic diversity observed in soils managed with cover crops, though only 10% of guild-assigned taxa responded to cover crops. The relative abundance of pathotrophs did not vary across the management treatments. Cover cropping increased species diversity, while no-till shifted the symbiotroph:saprotroph ratio to favor symbiotrophs. These management-induced shifts in fungal community composition could lead to greater ecosystem resilience and provide greater access of crops to limiting resources.

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Section: Cover Cropping Effectssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover cropping and no-till increase diversity and symbiotroph:saprotroph ratios of soil fungal communities

Schmidt

Mitchell

Scow

2019

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hence, enhanced bacterial and fungal species richness through grassland restoration may come from positive linkages between aboveground and belowground alpha diversities. Consistent with microbial taxonomic richness, plant species richness also has indispensable effects on bacterial metabolic and genetic functions as well as on fungal pathotrophs and saprotrophs due to altered resource availability via plant restoration (Cline et al, ). Aside from nutrient‐mediated linkages, increased plant richness diversifies the host range for microbes, accommodating a greater variety of plant symbiotic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial diversity during 30 years of grassland restoration on the Loess Plateau, China: Tight linkages with plant diversity

et al. 2019

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Restoring ecosystems has been a key strategy to combat land degradation and reverse losses in biodiversity. Because interactions between communities above and below the ground drive key ecosystem processes, they can profoundly influence ecological succession trajectories. However, relatively little empirical information is available for plant-microbial diversity linkages during ecological restoration. Here, using the Illumina platform for bacterial and fungal sequencing, we investigated linkages between soil microbial and plant diversity across a 30-year chronosequence of restored grasslands on the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China. The results showed that plant, bacterial, and fungal species richness all increased with increased years of grassland restoration, during which their community compositions shifted among six different habitats. The microbial community assembly data were integrated into a co-occurrence network analysis, revealing greater network complexity in the late restoration stage (25 and 30 years). The alpha and beta diversities of both the bacterial and fungal communities were significantly and positively correlated with plant communities. Bacterial community composition was governed primarily by soil edaphic factors and deterministic processes, whereas fungal community composition was structured mainly by plant community composition and both deterministic and stochastic processes. This evidence strongly suggests that different ecological processes shaped bacterial and fungal communities during ecological restoration of the grasslands. Our results provide insight into the aboveground-belowground associations of restored habitats, which may have implications for ecological restoration practices and biodiversity maintenance in arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems.

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“…Among the total fungi, the saprotrophic composition was only significantly predicted by SOC. Saprotrophic fungi generally act as the primary decomposers, so that SOC can influence their composition as the main resource; meanwhile, the relative importance of SOC could be raised up when plant influence is impeded .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revegetation differentially influences microbial trophic groups in a Qinghai‐Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem

et al. 2019

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Revegetation accelerates the recovery of degraded lands. Different microbial trophic groups underpin this acceleration from the aspects of soil structure stabilization, nutrient accumulation, and ecosystem functions. However, little is known about how revegetation influences the community and biodiversity of different soil microbial trophic groups. Here, six revegetation treatments with different plantings of plant species were established at an excavation pit in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Communities of plant, bacteria, and several key soil fungal groups were investigated after 12 years of revegetation. Plant and all microbial trophic group compositions were markedly influenced by revegetation treatments. Total fungal and pathogenic fungal compositions were not significantly predicted by any factor of plant and soil, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition could be mainly predicted by plant composition and plant P content. Bacterial composition was mainly determined by soil total N, organic carbon concentration, and moisture content; and saprotrophic fungal composition was mainly determined by soil organic carbon. Soil pH was the strongest factor to predict bacterial metabolic functions. Our findings highlight that even the differences of microbial compositions were because of different revegetation treatments, but each trophic microbial composition had different relations with plant and/or soil; especially, the bacterial community and metabolic functions and saprotrophic fungal community were more correlated with soil properties rather than plant community or characteristics per se. K E Y W O R D Sarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, ecosystem recovery, fungi, metabolic functions

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Resource availability underlies the plant‐fungal diversity relationship in a grassland ecosystem

Cited by 106 publications

References 86 publications

Cover cropping and no-till increase diversity and symbiotroph:saprotroph ratios of soil fungal communities

Cover cropping and no-till increase diversity and symbiotroph:saprotroph ratios of soil fungal communities

Soil microbial diversity during 30 years of grassland restoration on the Loess Plateau, China: Tight linkages with plant diversity

Revegetation differentially influences microbial trophic groups in a Qinghai‐Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem

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