Resource assurance predicts specialist and generalist bee activity in drought

Minckley, Robert L.; Roulston, T’ai H.; Williams, Neal M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2703

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Life‐styles adapted to unpredictable resources are nomadism where organisms follow patchily distributed, superabundant food sources and generalism where organisms utilize a variety of resources. However, under extreme conditions (extended draught) specialists dominate over generalists …”

Section: The Bigger Picture—which Environmental Factors Shape Cognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High (NTH)/low (DNH) neo; low expl; low innov; low learn; long-term or limited memory; small brain Low obj neo; high spatial neo; high expl; many innov; short-term memory; large brain; small hipp* Low neo; pref spatial learn; higher/lower innov; better spatial memory; larger hipp High obj neo; low spatial neo; low expl; little innov; long-term memory; small brain; large hipp (extended draught) specialists dominate over generalists. 44 Complexity is another environmental factor that can shape cognitive abilities. Independent of whether resources are variable or stable, environments can be simple or complex.…”

Section: Tool Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive ecology: ecological factors, life‐styles, and cognition

Mettke-Hofmann

2014

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Cognitive ecology integrates cognition, ecology and neurobiology in one topic and has recently broadened into an exciting diversity of themes covering the entire range of cognition and ecological conditions. The review identifies three major environmental factors interacting with cognition: environmental variation (predictable and unpredictable), environmental complexity and predation. Generally, variable environments favour cognitive abilities such as exploration, learning, innovation, memory and also result in larger brains as compared to stable environments. Likewise, cognition is enhanced in complex versus simple environments, whereas the relationship between predation and cognitive abilities can be positive or negative. However, organisms have often evolved entire lifestyles (e.g. residency vs migration, food-caching vs non-caching, generalism vs specialism) to deal with these environmental factors. Considering cognition within this framework provides a much more diverse picture of how cognitive abilities evolved in conjunction with other adaptations to environmental challenges. This integrated approach identifies gaps of knowledge and allows the formulation of hypotheses for future testing. Several recently emerged approaches study cognitive abilities at a new and in part highly integrated level. For example, the effect that environment has on the development of cognitive abilities during ontogeny will improve our understanding about cause and effect and gene x environment interactions. Together with two recently emerged highly integrative approaches that link personality and pace-of-life syndromes with cognitive ecology these new directions will improve insight how cognition is interlinked with other major organisational processes. How to cite this article:WIREs Cogn Sci 2014Sci , 5:345-360. doi: 10.1002Sci /wcs.1289 Cognitive ecology is a relatively young field that studies cognitive adaptations to a species' or individual's environment. The term cognition encompasses a broad range of neural processes which are used to interpret the environment and include perception, learning, memory and decision making 1 which regulate behavioural responses. Like morphological traits it is assumed that cognitive traits are shaped by natural selection via the underlying neural substrates 2 . The idea that behaviour and cognition are shaped by the environment is not a new one as the 'Umwelt' concept proposed already in 1909 by Uexküll states that individuals' behaviours have to be seen in relation to their environment and what they perceive and sense may differ even within the same environment 3 . In the 1970s several ecological approaches to human cognition emerged (e.g. Gibson's ecological approach to visual perception, Rosch's natural and prototypical categorisation and concept formation 4 and Soviet's cultural-historical activity theory 5 ) emphasising that cognition has evolved in specific environments to extract information efficiently. Activity theory proposes that cognition has to be studied in the cont...

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Section: The Bigger Picture—which Environmental Factors Shape Cognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tool Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive ecology: ecological factors, life‐styles, and cognition

Mettke-Hofmann

2014

WIRES Cognitive Science

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“…Future climate projections predict in some regions droughts, of both long and short duration, to double and triple, respectively (Sheffield & Wood, 2008). Drought has far-reaching effects on forested ecosystems (Dale et al, 2001) and affects pollinators by diminishing availability of pollen and nectar resources (Rashad & Parker, 1958;Iserbyt & Rasmont, 2012) and may also cause shifts in the composition of pollinator communities and even extinction (Ehrlich et al, 1980;Minckley et al, 2013). If drought interacts with fire history such that resources are differentially affected in different areas, pyrodiversity may be important to buffer the impacts of resource scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrodiversity begets plant–pollinator community diversity

Ponisio

Wilkin

M’Gonigle

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

151

180

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Fire has a major impact on the structure and function of many ecosystems globally. Pyrodiversity, the diversity of fires within a region (where diversity is based on fire characteristics such as extent, severity, and frequency), has been hypothesized to promote biodiversity, but changing climate and land management practices have eroded pyrodiversity. To assess whether changes in pyrodiversity will have impacts on ecological communities, we must first understand the mechanisms that might enable pyrodiversity to sustain biodiversity, and how such changes might interact with other disturbances such as drought. Focusing on plant-pollinator communities in mixed-conifer forest with frequent fire in Yosemite National Park, California, we examine how pyrodiversity, combined with drought intensity, influences those communities. We find that pyrodiversity is positively related to the richness of the pollinators, flowering plants, and plant-pollinator interactions. On average, a 5% increase in pyrodiversity led to the gain of approximately one pollinator and one flowering plant species and nearly two interactions. We also find that a diversity of fire characteristics contributes to the spatial heterogeneity (b-diversity) of plant and pollinator communities. Lastly, we find evidence that fire diversity buffers pollinator communities against the effects of drought-induced floral resource scarcity. Fire diversity is thus important for the maintenance of flowering plant and pollinator diversity and predicted shifts in fire regimes to include less pyrodiversity compounded with increasing drought occurrence will negatively influence the richness of these communities in this and other forested ecosystems. In addition, lower heterogeneity of fire severity may act to reduce spatial turnover of plantpollinator communities. The heterogeneity of community composition is a primary determinant of the total species diversity present in a landscape, and thus, lower pyrodiversity may negatively affect the richness of plant-pollinator communities across large spatial scales.

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“…Although other aspects of global climate change, such as elevated carbon dioxide levels and altered precipitation patterns, can also affect plant and insect physiology (e.g., Agrell et al, 2000; Erhardt and Rusterholz, 1997; Jablonski et al, 2002; Minckley et al, 2013; Reyer et al, 2013), either directly or interactively (e.g., Hoover et al, 2012), we restrict our synthesis to the effects of warming, in part because the relative wealth of studies makes possible the discussion of trends and mechanisms. Likewise, we focus on relatively immediate physiological responses to warming, though we recognize that evolutionary responses are likely (e.g., Gilman et al, 2012), as is interplay with behavioral responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions

2013

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Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interactions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summarize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also consider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to warming, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating insects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service

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Resource assurance predicts specialist and generalist bee activity in drought

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Cognitive ecology: ecological factors, life‐styles, and cognition

Cognitive ecology: ecological factors, life‐styles, and cognition

Pyrodiversity begets plant–pollinator community diversity

Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions

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