Resource and technology assessment for evaluating Italy's offshore wind energy potential

Botta, G.; Casale, C.; Lembo, E.; Serri, L.; Viani, S.

doi:10.1109/iccep.2009.5212004

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…conditions, each with a suitable range of wind speeds and wave heights and periods. These conditions have been defined in accordance with the models described in IEC Standard 61400-3 [15].…”

Section: Dynamic Behaviour Of the Whole Floating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Design of a Floating Wind Turbine Support Structure and Relevant System Cost Assessment

et al. 2010

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This paper describes the preliminary design of a floating support structure for offshore wind turbines that has been developed by ERSE (former CESI RICERCA). It considered the prospects that this kind of structure could hold for exploiting wind resources in the windiest sea areas along the coasts of Italy (Sardinia, Sicily, Apulia). A review of the various types of floating structure that have been devised worldwide for wind turbines has made it possible to single out the floating structure that looks most interesting from the technical and economic standpoint. Specifically, the selected structure is of the Tension Leg Platform (TLP) type. It consists of a nearly fully submerged hexagonal platform, which carries a 6 MW wind turbine and is linked to the sea bottom by 6 ties, which assure stability and limited tilting, even under the worst loads induced by wind and sea. The construction and installation phases for this structure have been analysed, and the most effective and economically viable techniques chosen. With a view for avoiding the use of expensive sea craft, the floating structure has been designed in such a way that it can be towed to its site with the wind turbine already standing on it. A preliminary dimensioning of the floating structure has been carried out, along with technical verification of the main structural members. This work has been performed in cooperation with the engineering company TECON, which used, among others, the MOSES computation code by Ultramarine. Attention has also been devoted to the most suitable options for mooring the floating structure to the sea bottom. To assess the behaviour of the floating system under the action of wind and waves, the computational code (BM) has been developed by ERSE. This code takes into account the whole “wind turbine + floating platform” system, represented by a scheme featuring 8 degrees of freedom. Using this code no anomalous or unexpected behaviours were observed. The costs of building and installing this floating system have been calculated, drawing on experience gained with similar offshore structures in the oil and gas fields. The unique conditions of Italy as regards shipyards, harbours, electrical grid layout etc. have been taken into account. Along with estimates of operation and maintenance costs, and annual energy yields, these results have allowed the calculation of the probable unit energy production costs of floating wind farms in deep-water coastal areas of Italy.

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Section: Dynamic Behaviour Of the Whole Floating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Design of a Floating Wind Turbine Support Structure and Relevant System Cost Assessment

et al. 2010

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“…In any case, even if the correlation is not fully satisfactory, the long-term wind data at In order to perform a long-term evaluation of the annual average wind speed at Pianosa, the annual mean value has been calculated for the QuikSCAT node over a longer period This activity will support the assessment of the local offshore wind resource and improve the evaluation of the offshore wind potential of Italy (Baggini 2007) (Botta 2009). This is important because, considering the present persisting growth of onshore wind power plant capacity and, therefore, the ongoing exploitation of the sites with better wind resources, the residual suitable sites are set to become more and more scarce, especially in densely populated countries like Italy.…”

Section: Long Term Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, from a first outlook based on the Wind Atlas of Italy, most of the best offshore resources turn out to be located in sea waters that are too deep for the current technology, thus making it necessary also to look into the feasibility of plants with floating foundations as a viable alternative, even if they are still at the study stage and look more expensive than offshore wind farms with fixed foundations (Jonkman 2007) (Botta 2009) (Casale 2009). In this case the resource assessment becomes particularly important and critical, because a wind measurement campaign in deep waters has to face very high costs and permitting problems as well.…”

Section: Long Term Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italy's Wind Atlas: Offshore Resource Assessment through On-The-Spot Measurements

et al. 2010

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The Wind Atlas of Italy, first developed in 2002, was refined by ERSE (former CESI RICERCA S.p.A.) in 2006, when it was also enlarged to offshore areas up to 40 km from the coastline. It displays maps of annual average wind speed (m/s) and specific energy production (MWh/MW) up to 100 m above ground or sea. This Atlas is published in an interactive version (named ATLAEOLICO). The Italian Wind Atlas is based on maps calculated using the WINDS model developed by the Department of Physics of the University of Genoa and has then been fine-tuned by comparison with measuring data from over 400 stations scattered all over Italy. Concerning offshore areas, the calibration of maps resulted more difficult because of the lack of direct measurements. The resulting uncertainty of wind maps over offshore areas has been estimated from a minimum of 2 m/s to a maximum of more than 3 m/s, which results in an uncertainty of no less than 1000 MWh/MW in specific energy production, too high for reliable evaluation of energy production. To reduce this uncertainty, a new wind measuring station has recently been installed at Pianosa, a small uninhabited and flattish island located in the Adriatic Sea off the Gargano promontory, one of the offshore areas with higher discordance of wind speed values among the various maps published so far. This island could also be taken as representative of the transition from the southern zone with better resources to the less promising northern part of the Adriatic Sea. This paper presents the results of the first eight months of measurements at this station. These results have been analyzed by commercial codes for wind resource assessment and then compared with available information on wind resources in the same area, mostly measurements from satellite and coastal stations, and other published wind atlases.

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“…In this context, researchers are putting much effort in the development of deep water offshore wind turbines, which can operate in large areas characterized by strong and consistent winds, without logistic limitations in the size of the turbines or problems due to their visual and noise annoyances [3], [4]. In deep water, floating support platforms are one of the most promising solutions, from an economic and technical standpoint [5]; however, the definition of the most effective floating configuration structures is still a largely open issue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In deep water, floating support platforms are one of the most promising solutions, from an economic and technical standpoint [5]; however, the definition of the most effective floating configuration structures is still a largely open issue. Different floating configurations have been proposed, e.g., spar-buoy platform (SP), tension leg platform (TLP) and Barge Platform (BP) [3], [4], [6]- [10].…”

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Development of a Control-Oriented Model of Floating Wind Turbines

Betti

Farina

Guagliardi³

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

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This paper deals with the development of a simplified, control-oriented mathematical model of an offshore variable speed wind turbine with tension leg platform. First, the model is derived with the goal of describing the most relevant physical phenomena of the turbine/platform dynamics, while limiting its complexity. The unknown model parameters are identified and a model validation phase is carried out using Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST), an accurate reference model available in the literature. Then, an H∞ controller is designed for above-rated power operating conditions. The ability of the controller to attenuate the effect of wind variations and waves is tested in simulation both on thebreak small-scale simulation model and on the FAST simulator

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Resource and technology assessment for evaluating Italy's offshore wind energy potential

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Preliminary Design of a Floating Wind Turbine Support Structure and Relevant System Cost Assessment

Preliminary Design of a Floating Wind Turbine Support Structure and Relevant System Cost Assessment

Italy's Wind Atlas: Offshore Resource Assessment through On-The-Spot Measurements

Development of a Control-Oriented Model of Floating Wind Turbines

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