Resource acquisition and reproductive strategies of tropical forest in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Detto, Matteo; Wright, S. Joseph; Calderón, Osvaldo; Muller‐Landau, Helene C.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03306-9

Cited by 98 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our results provide detailed support of long‐term data on ENSO‐induced drought effects on seed fall (Detto et al, ). Both functional groups and dispersal types showed lag effects on seed production as evidenced by low seed abundance of larger seeded species even 2 years after typical precipitation levels had returned.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types

O’Brien

Peréz‐Aviles

Powers

2018

Global Change Biology

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More frequent and severe El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) are causing episodic periods of decreased rainfall. Although the effects of these ENSO-induced droughts on tree growth and mortality have been well studied, the impacts on other demographic rates such as reproduction are less well known. We use a four-year seed rain dataset encompassing the most severe ENSO-induced drought in more than 30 years to assess the resilience (i.e., resistance and recovery) of the seed composition and abundance of three forest types in a tropical dry forest. We found that forest types showed distinct differences in the timing, duration, and intensity of drought during the ENSO event, which likely mediated seed composition shifts and resilience. Drought-deciduous species were particularly sensitive to the drought with overall poor resilience of seed production, whereby seed abundance of this functional group failed to recover to predrought levels even two years after the drought. Liana and wind-dispersed species were able to maintain seed production both during and after drought, suggesting that ENSO events promote early successional species or species with a colonization strategy. Combined, these results suggest that ENSO-induced drought mediates the establishment of functional groups and dispersal types suited for early successional conditions with more open canopies and reduced competition among plants. The effects of the ENSO-induced drought on seed composition and abundance were still evident two years after the event suggesting the recovery of seed production requires multiple years that may lead to shifts in forest composition and structure in the long term, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels like frugivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types

O’Brien

Peréz‐Aviles

Powers

2018

Global Change Biology

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“…The magnitude of flowering is partly affected by the strength of the trigger associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle at the study site (Sakai et al, 2006). Leaf litter production may also be influenced by supra-annual climate variability, ENSO (Detto, Wright, Calderón, & Muller-Landau, 2018).…”

Section: Litterfall Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and long‐term patterns in litterfall in a Bornean tropical rainforest

Nakagawa

Ushio

Kume

et al. 2019

Ecological Research

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The spatiotemporal characteristics of litterfall reflect important functional processes in a forest ecosystem, yet seasonal and long‐term patterns in litterfall and relationship between litterfall and climate seasonality have rarely been examined in the aseasonal Southeast Asian tropics. We monitored monthly litterfall and conducted meteorological measurements over 16 years in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Borneo. The total annual litterfall averaged 7.02 Mg ha−1 year−1 and leaf fall contributed 67.9% of total litterfall. Fourier analyses detected a significant annual cycle in monthly leaf fall, although spatial variation was relatively high, and 57.5% of litter traps showed annual cycles at the litter trap level. Rainfall, mean temperature and solar radiation also showed distinct 12‐month cycles. Leaf fall was positively correlated with the daily mean air temperature of the same month, and negatively correlated with rainfall in the previous month. Leaf fall gradually increased during the study period. Our results suggest that a seasonal pattern in community‐level leaf fall is regulated by the annual cycle of meteorological factors, even in this aseasonal environment, which experiences no dry season. Further monitoring and analyses are required to clarify spatial variation and long‐term patterns in litterfall and their mechanisms.

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“…Although the seasonality is modest, compared to other regions, several recent studies converge to show that tropical leaf phenology dominates regulating the seasonal cycles of carbon and water fluxes (Albert et al, ; Doughty & Goulden, ; Wu et al, ). The underlying reason is the higher leaf turnover (newly produced leaves replacing old leaves) during the dry season (Brando et al, ; Lopes et al, ; Wu et al, ; Detto et al, ), with new maturing leaves having higher leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity (PC) than the old leaves being replaced. This phenomenon drives a dry season increase in canopy photosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Representation of Leaf Phenology Improves Simulation of Amazonian Evergreen Forest Photosynthesis in a Land Surface Model

Chen

Maignan

Viovy

et al. 2020

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Leaf phenology in the humid tropics largely regulates the seasonality of forest carbon and water exchange. However, it is inadequately represented in most global land surface models due to limited understanding of its controls. Based on intensive field studies at four Amazonian evergreen forests, we propose a novel, quantitative representation of tropical forest leaf phenology, which links multiple environmental variables with the seasonality of new leaf production and old leaf litterfall. The new phenology simulates higher rates of leaf turnover (new leaves replacing old leaves) in dry seasons with more sunlight, which is then implemented in ORCHIDEE, together with recent findings of ontogeny-associated photosynthetic capacity, and is evaluated against ground-based measurements of leaf phenology (canopy leaf area index and litterfall), eddy covariance fluxes (photosynthesis and latent heat), and carbon allocations from field observations. Results show the periodical cycles of solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit are the two most important environmental variables that are empirically related to new leaf production and old leaf abscission in tropical evergreen forests. The model with new representation of leaf phenology captures the seasonality of canopy photosynthesis at three out of four sites, as well as the seasonality of litterfall, latent heat, and light use efficiency of photosynthesis at all tested sites, and improves the seasonality of carbon allocations to leaves, roots, and sapwoods. This study advances understanding of the environmental controls on tropical leaf phenology and offers an improved modeling tool for gridded simulations of interannual CO 2 and water fluxes in the tropics. Key Points: • We explore the environmental drivers to trigger off new leaf formation and old leaf shedding in Amazonian evergreen forests • This model links leaf phenology with the seasonality of carbon allocation to leaves, roots, and sapwood • The new phenology model leads to good representation of the seasonality of canopy photosynthesis, litterfall and latent heat Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1

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Resource acquisition and reproductive strategies of tropical forest in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Cited by 98 publications

References 48 publications

Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types

Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types

Seasonal and long‐term patterns in litterfall in a Bornean tropical rainforest

Novel Representation of Leaf Phenology Improves Simulation of Amazonian Evergreen Forest Photosynthesis in a Land Surface Model

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