Resonant magnetic scattering in soft X-ray range using multilayers

Soft x-ray magnetic scattering evidence for biquadratic coupling in Co/Cu multilayers

“…An increase in the magnetic peak intensity is observed when the field is applied perpendicular to the x-ray beam. These data are considerably clearer than the work on Cu/Co multilayers previously published by Séve et al 13 In their paper, the magnetic scattering was weak and obscured by the Kiessig fringes.…”

“…They have shown that for antiferromagnetically coupled bilayers, a pure magnetic Bragg peak is observed at a q vector half that of the first charge scattering Bragg peak from the multilayer. We have studied the equivalent peak in Cu/Co multilayers, originally observed by Séve et al 13 The field dependence of this pure magnetic peak, which is also revealed in polarized neutron scattering, has very recently been used by Borchers et al 14 to determine the domain structure in weakly coupled Co/Cu multilayers.…”

Magnetic order in Co/Cu multilayers studied by polarized soft X-rays and neutrons

“…by the particular shape of hysteresis loops measured at the 1 2 order peak [3]. The 1 2 order peak can be furthermore enhanced by polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR), which is represented in the lower curve in Fig. 1 for the non spin-flip (nsf) intensity R++ measured in a demagnetized state of the multilayer.…”

“…It is the goal of the present paper to investigate the antiferromagnetic (afm) order in Co/Cu multilayers tuned to the 2nd coupling maximum of the GMR, and their corresponding domain structure, by magnetic scattering techniques. Applying soft X-ray reflectivity, the afm alignment in Co/Cu multilayers was proved by the appearance of a half-integer order Bragg peak [1][2][3]. As will be shown below, due to the high intensity of the undulator radiation of a synchrotron, in a strongly coupled sample with smooth interfaces, peaks up to the 3rd order are resolved, allowing a detailed analysis of the structural and magnetic multilayer properties.…”

X-ray resonant magnetic scattering by Fe/Cr superlattices

“…Soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering using either circularly [8][9][10][11] or linearly [12][13][14] polarized x-rays has proven to be a highly useful technique for the study of magnetic properties of buried layers or interfaces and depth-dependent magnetic properties. In the case of magnetic multilayers, the periodicity of the magnetization amplitude leads to a magnetic contribution at the position of low-angle Bragg peaks for ferromagnetically ordered multilayers [9,15,16] and at the half-order positions for antiferromagnetically ordered multilayers [9,17,18]. Moreover, a varying external magnetic field can be applied during XRMS measurements, such that the magnetization reversal at corresponding L absorption edges can be followed, i.e.…”