Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering using a miniature dispersive Rowland refocusing spectrometer

Abstract

X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) beamlines worldwide are steadily increasing their emphasis on full photon‐in/photon‐out spectroscopies, such as resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS), resonant X‐ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and high energy resolution fluorescence detection XAS (HERFD‐XAS). In such cases, each beamline must match the choice of emission spectrometer to the scientific mission of its users. Previous work has recently reported a miniature tender X‐ray spectrometer using a dispersive Rowland refocusing (DRR) geometry that functions with high energy resolution even with a large X‐ray spot size on the sample [Holden et al. (2017). Rev. Sci. Instrum.88, 073904]. This instrument has been used in the laboratory in multiple studies of non‐resonant X‐ray emission spectroscopy using a conventional X‐ray tube, though only for preliminary measurements at a low‐intensity microfocus synchrotron beamline. This paper reports an extensive study of the performance of a miniature DRR spectrometer at an unfocused wiggler beamline, where the incident monochromatic flux allows for resonant studies which are impossible in the laboratory. The results support the broader use of the present design and also suggest that the DRR method with an unfocused beam could have important applications for materials with low radiation damage thresholds and that would not survive analysis on focused beamlines.

High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know

“…This scheme provides a higher detection signal, better energy resolution and covers a larger solid angle. In contrast, the possibility of recording the emission lines with the energy dispersive (von-Hamos) geometry 48 and dispersive Rowland cycle geometry 49,50 is very practical since it does not include movable parts. Fig.…”

Laboratory-based X-ray spectrometer for actinide science

“…2006). XES gives information about the electronic structure, in particular when measuring the emission band, which determines the type of ligand, charge and spin-related information (Rovezzi & Glatzel, 2014;Holden et al, 2020;Mortensen et al, 2017;Huotari et al, 2008;Eeckhout et al, 2009;Ditter et al, 2020). XES utilizes fluorescence X-rays, in the same way as known for the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method, but both methods provide different types of information.…”

Modern X-ray spectroscopy: XAS and XES in the laboratory

“…This altogether emphasizes why resonant photon-in/ photon-out spectroscopies are very photon-hungry, making an intense source necessary for such measurements. Although in prin-ciple also possible in the lab, to the best of our knowledge, RXES/ RIXS and HERFD-XAS experiments can to date only be performed at synchrotron facilities where insertion devices deliver a sufficiently intense incident beam [76,184].…”

“…Kramers-Heisenberg [13]). But because elucidating resonant techniques in detail goes far beyond the scope of this review, we would like to refer to other publications discussing HERFD-XAS and RXES/RIXS in more detail [9,12,14,15,32,140,[186][187][188][189][190]184,103,100,13,185,76,96,162].…”