Resonant growth rate response of yeast cells irradiated by weak microwaves

Grundler, W.; Keilmann, F.; Fröhlich, H.

doi:10.1016/0375-9601(77)90696-x

Cited by 137 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…The most substantial efforts have come from Pokorný (14,15) who, interestingly, also considered microtubules. A range of other experimental detections of some of the key signatures of Fröhlich condensates have also been reported (5,11,(17)(18)(19)(20) or predicted (12,13). Pokorný's work concerns the interaction of MHz radio-frequency radiation with biological systems, and many other suggested occurrences of Fröhlich condensates also involve either adverse or medicinal effects of microwave or terahertz radiation (9,11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

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confidence: 84%

“…4 depicting strong Fröhlich condensates in the wide-band low-frequency limit ( 1 / 0 ϭ 0.12, ប 0 /kT ϭ 1/15), the narrow-band low-frequency limit ( 1 / 0 ϭ 0.76, ប 0 /kT ϭ 1/15), and the narrow-band high-frequency limit ( 1 / 0 ϭ 0.94, ប 0 /kT ϭ 1.46). The low-temperature simulations pertain to the extensive studies of Pokorný (14,15) on the possibility of Fröhlich condensation in the MHz region and to studies of the effects of GHZ and THz radiation in biology (9,11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), whereas the high-temperature simulations pertain directly to the extensive studies of Mesquita et al (12,13) on the possibility of Fröhlich condensation in protein amide-I vibrations. Together, these provide a rough guide to the dynamics of strong condensates over the whole parameter space of the Wu-Austin model.…”

Section: Coherent Motion Within Strong Frö Hlich Condensatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of claims of observation of Fröhlich condensates in biological environments have indeed involved observed minor enhancements to black-body radiation levels or unexpected dependences of some process to microwave or terahertz radiation (9,11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In the most developed of these hypotheses, Pokorný (14) has documented enhancements of a factor of Ϸ5 in the radiation at 8.085 MHz in microtubules and estimated values for key parameters (14, 15) that we express using Fröhli-ch's notation as s/k ϭ 100 Ks Ϫ1 and /k ϭ 20 Ks Ϫ1 so that s/ ϭ 5.…”

Section: Coherent Motion Within Strong Frö Hlich Condensatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, this Fröhlich condensate has nearly all of its vibrational energy concentrated in just one of its collective motions, the motion of lowest frequency. Such a condensation would have a profound influence on the dynamical properties of the system, and there has been considerable interest in finding applications in physics (4,5), biology (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and medicine (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Indeed, other phenomena that give rise to similar collective properties of a system such as lasing, superconductivity, and Bose-Einstein condensation are of great importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness

Reimers¹,

McKemmish²,

McKenzie³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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In 1968, Frö hlich showed that a driven set of oscillators can condense with nearly all of the supplied energy activating the vibrational mode of lowest frequency. This is a remarkable property usually compared with Bose-Einstein condensation, superconductivity, lasing, and other unique phenomena involving macroscopic quantum coherence. However, despite intense research, no unambiguous example has been documented. We determine the most likely experimental signatures of Frö hlich condensation and show that they are significant features remote from the extraordinary properties normally envisaged. Frö hlich condensates are classified into 3 types: weak condensates in which profound effects on chemical kinetics are possible, strong condensates in which an extremely large amount of energy is channeled into 1 vibrational mode, and coherent condensates in which this energy is placed in a single quantum state. Coherent condensates are shown to involve extremely large energies, to not be produced by the Wu-Austin dynamical Hamiltonian that provides the simplest depiction of Frö hlich condensates formed using mechanically supplied energy, and to be extremely fragile. They are inaccessible in a biological environment. Hence the Penrose-Hameroff orchestrated objective-reduction model and related theories for cognitive function that embody coherent Frö hlich condensation as an essential element are untenable. Weak condensates, however, may have profound effects on chemical and enzyme kinetics, and may be produced from biochemical energy or from radio frequency, microwave, or terahertz radiation. Pokorný 's observed 8.085-MHz microtubulin resonance is identified as a possible candidate, with microwave reactors (green chemistry) and terahertz medicine appearing as other feasible sources.cognitive function ͉ coherence ͉ microwave reactor ͉ orchestrated objective reduction I n 1968, Fröhlich showed how a driven collection of vibrational oscillators could achieve a highly ordered nonequilibrium state that has some properties reminiscent of Bose-Einstein condensation (1-3). Specifically, this Fröhlich condensate has nearly all of its vibrational energy concentrated in just one of its collective motions, the motion of lowest frequency. Such a condensation would have a profound influence on the dynamical properties of the system, and there has been considerable interest in finding applications in physics (4, 5), biology (6-20), and medicine (21-26). Indeed, other phenomena that give rise to similar collective properties of a system such as lasing, superconductivity, and Bose-Einstein condensation are of great importance.Fröhlich condensation has even been postulated to play a central role in cognitive function within the Penrose-Hameroff orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR) (27, 28) and related (29, 30) proposals. These controversial (31) proposals evoke Fröhlich condensation to maintain coherent quantum dynamics within microtubules inside cells on a physiologically relevant time scale (at least microseconds), enabling them to...

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Coherent Motion Within Strong Frö Hlich Condensatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coherent Motion Within Strong Frö Hlich Condensatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness

Reimers¹,

McKemmish²,

McKenzie³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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“…Moreover, there is increasing experimental evidence for Fröhlich's initial assumptions: These are experiments on the influence of mm-band electromagnetic radiation on biological objects [8], the resonant growth rate response of yeast cells to weak microwaves [9], the possible existence of metastable states in enzymes [10] and the evidence for resonances and for non-thermal excitation of energy levels in active biological systems detected by Raman experiments [11,12]. There is hope that in the near future new experimental results will become available, since several groups have started investigations on the basic problems and questions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Oscillations in Biological Systems I

Kaiser

1978

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The concept of long range coherence in biological systems of Fröhlich and its physical basis as well as his general theoretical considerations leading to the brain wave model are reviewed. The importance of these ideas is stressed both, as a possible explanation of the increasing experimental results and as a starting point to allow a theoretical description of biological events. The brain wave model is studied in detail. All possible bifurcations and the stability of the steady states is considered. The existence, stability and direction of bifurcation of a stable limit cycle is proven. The system may exhibit different types of phase transitions when it is externally disturbed. Phase plane diagrams, arguments of catastrophe theory and approximations to the model equations give a qualitative description of the system's time behaviour. Correspondence between this limit cycle model and nerve impulse generating models is established.

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Some bioelectromagnetics research at the University of Utah: Acceptance speech on the occasion of receiving the d'Arsonval medal

Gandhi

1996

Bioelectromagnetics

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Resonant growth rate response of yeast cells irradiated by weak microwaves

Cited by 137 publications

References 4 publications

Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness

Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness

Coherent Oscillations in Biological Systems I

Some bioelectromagnetics research at the University of Utah: Acceptance speech on the occasion of receiving the d'Arsonval medal

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