“…It follows from Eqs. (10) and (11) that in the positive direction of the z axis, the fieldẼ increases, while the population-difference densityn decreases. Polarization of the fieldẼ varies and remains intact only in cases where it is linear or circular [13][14][15].…”
Section: 1mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The homogeneous width of the F (2) 2 transition at room temperature and methane pressure within the limits of 10 −4 to 10 −1 Torr turns out to be rather narrow, and the transition itself has a fairly large absorption index per unit length. The features of the well-studied F (2) 2 transition [6] and the He-Ne gas mixture and wide experience in work with such media [7][8][9][10][11][12] determined the choice of the experimental setup. A layout of this setup is presented in Fig.…”
UDC 621.373Using the method of nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the oppositely propagating laser beams of different power at a wavelength of 3.39 µm, we study, both theoretically and experimentally, the mechanisms of the formation of dichroism and birefringence during the interaction of arbitrarily polarized fields of resonant radiation with gaseous methane under conditions of low pressure of the gas in the cell and saturation of the operating transition F (2) 2 by the field of a strong wave. Spectral forms of the polarization resonances of the test-wave intensity at the output of the polarization spectrometer are studied experimentally. Based on the vector theory of light interaction with matter, we present an exhaustive theoretical interpretation of the experimental data on the dependence of the polarization state of a weak wave on the intensity of a linearly or circularly polarized high-power counterpropagating wave. A new technique of measuring the induced nonlinear anisotropy for test-field waves and the macroscopic parameters of the resonant gas is developed.
“…It follows from Eqs. (10) and (11) that in the positive direction of the z axis, the fieldẼ increases, while the population-difference densityn decreases. Polarization of the fieldẼ varies and remains intact only in cases where it is linear or circular [13][14][15].…”
Section: 1mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…The homogeneous width of the F (2) 2 transition at room temperature and methane pressure within the limits of 10 −4 to 10 −1 Torr turns out to be rather narrow, and the transition itself has a fairly large absorption index per unit length. The features of the well-studied F (2) 2 transition [6] and the He-Ne gas mixture and wide experience in work with such media [7][8][9][10][11][12] determined the choice of the experimental setup. A layout of this setup is presented in Fig.…”
UDC 621.373Using the method of nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the oppositely propagating laser beams of different power at a wavelength of 3.39 µm, we study, both theoretically and experimentally, the mechanisms of the formation of dichroism and birefringence during the interaction of arbitrarily polarized fields of resonant radiation with gaseous methane under conditions of low pressure of the gas in the cell and saturation of the operating transition F (2) 2 by the field of a strong wave. Spectral forms of the polarization resonances of the test-wave intensity at the output of the polarization spectrometer are studied experimentally. Based on the vector theory of light interaction with matter, we present an exhaustive theoretical interpretation of the experimental data on the dependence of the polarization state of a weak wave on the intensity of a linearly or circularly polarized high-power counterpropagating wave. A new technique of measuring the induced nonlinear anisotropy for test-field waves and the macroscopic parameters of the resonant gas is developed.
We present a systematic study of various statistical characteristics of high-frequency returns from the foreign exchange market. This study is based on six exchange rates forming two triangles: EUR-GBP-USD and GBP-CHF-JPY. It is shown that the exchange rate return fluctuations for all of the pairs considered are well described by the non-extensive statistics in terms of q-Gaussians. There exist some small quantitative variations in the non-extensivity q-parameter values for different exchange rates (which depend also on the time scales studied), and this can be related to the importance of a given exchange rate in the world's currency trade. Temporal correlations organize the series of returns such that they develop the multifractal characteristics for all of the exchange rates, with a varying degree of symmetry of the singularity spectrum f (α), however. The most symmetric spectrum is identified for the GBP/USD. We also form time series of triangular residual returns and find that the distributions of their fluctuations develop disproportionately heavier tails as compared to small fluctuations, which excludes description in terms of q-Gaussians. The multifractal characteristics of these residual returns reveal such anomalous properties as negative singularity exponents and even negative singularity spectra. Such anomalous multifractal measures have so far been considered in the literature in connection with diffusion-limited aggregation and
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